Xu Fei, Wang Rong-fu, Shu Liang-zuo, Liu Rui, Zhang De-yu
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Dec;25(12):3547-55.
The effects of nitrogen (N) forms (ammonium-N and nitrate-N) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato plants (cv. Zhongyan 988) under controlled alternate partial root zone irrigation (APRI) were examined in a split-root experiment. Under the same irrigation mode and/or controlled soil water limitation treatment, ammonium-N promoted plant growth at the early stage, while nitrate-N improved plant growth and development at the later stage leading to higher biomass accumulation and fruit yield at harvest. Under APRI and the same soil water conditions, plants of the nitrate-N treatment improved the content of vitamin C and the ratio of soluble sugar to organic acid and thus facilitated fruit quality when compared with those of the ammonium-N treatment. Plant height and leaf area under APRI treatment were lower compared with conventional irrigation (CK) under the same N form, but the stem diameter under APRI treatment with 60% theta(f) (field water capacity, theta(f)) soil moisture showed a slight increase at the late growth stage. Under the same N form, fruit yield was significantly lower in APRI treatment than that of the CK. Compared with the CK, fruit yield decreased by 22.4%-26.3% under the APRI treatment with 40% theta(f) soil moisture. Under 60% theta(f) soil moisture, the APRI treatment significantly improved fruit quality and water-use efficiency compared with the CK regardless small reduction (5.3%-5.4%) in fruit yield. The experimental results suggested that the APRI treatment with the lower limitation of soil moisture controlled at 60% theta(f), and nitrate-N supply would be the optimal option in terms of sustainable use of water resource and fertilizer.
在分根试验中，研究了氮素形态（铵态氮和硝态氮）对番茄品种中研988在可控交替局部根区灌溉（APRI）条件下生长、产量及果实品质的影响。在相同灌溉模式和/或土壤水分控制处理下，铵态氮在前期促进植株生长，而硝态氮在后期改善植株生长发育，导致收获时生物量积累和果实产量更高。在APRI和相同土壤水分条件下，与铵态氮处理相比，硝态氮处理的植株提高了维生素C含量以及可溶性糖与有机酸的比例，从而提升了果实品质。在相同氮素形态下，APRI处理的株高和叶面积低于常规灌溉（CK），但在土壤湿度为60%θ(f)（田间持水量，θ(f)）的APRI处理下，生长后期茎粗略有增加。在相同氮素形态下，APRI处理的果实产量显著低于CK。与CK相比，在土壤湿度为40%θ(f)的APRI处理下，果实产量下降了22.4%-26.3%。在土壤湿度为60%θ(f)时，尽管果实产量略有降低（5.3%-5.4%），但APRI处理与CK相比显著提高了果实品质和水分利用效率。试验结果表明，将土壤湿度下限控制在60%θ(f)的APRI处理以及硝态氮供应，在水资源和肥料可持续利用方面将是最佳选择。
