Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey.
Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Mar 15;191(4):219. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7379-2.
The Paris Agreement (PA), which is an important step toward mitigating climate change, has ascribed new responsibilities to the signatory parties that differ from those of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). This study is focused on the new responsibilities and the reasons why Turkey has not yet assigned the agreement into its own domestic law, although it was signed on April 22, 2016. There are several political and legal reasons for this, but the most important is Turkey's membership in the OECD as a developed country. Besides, developing countries shall be supported by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) at a $100 billion budget per year. Turkey needs GCF support in terms of technology transfer, capacity building, and financial in order to achieve the agreement's goals. Turkey has demanded privileged status similar to the one in the KP, i.e., whether or not to be deemed as a developed country.The core aim of the PA is to keep global temperature increases below 20 °C by the year 2030, insomuch as to limit temperature increases even further to 1.50 °C. This goal depends on the mitigation of CO levels, which means that countries should mitigate GHG emissions caused by deforestation and take further actions by primarily abandoning fossil fuels, improving/attaching importance to energy efficiency, and changing/improving land use planning. Within this context, the second part of the study analyzes the efficiency level of forestry legislation and Turkey's climate policies in terms of the responsibilities to be assigned by the PA. The analysis is based on the question as to what extent the Turkish forestry legislation fulfills the responsibilities ascribed by the PA for preventing deforestation. Consequently, it has been concluded that eight criteria determined by the PA are not adequately included in the Turkish forestry legislation and shall require an amendment on a large scale, particularly when Turkey is deemed as a developed country.
《巴黎协定》（PA）是缓解气候变化的重要一步，它赋予了签署方不同于《京都议定书》（KP）的新责任。本研究重点关注新责任以及土耳其尽管于 2016 年 4 月 22 日签署了该协议，但尚未将其纳入本国法律的原因。这存在一些政治和法律方面的原因，但最重要的原因是土耳其作为一个发达国家加入了经合组织。此外，每年应向绿色气候基金（GCF）提供 1000 亿美元预算，以支持发展中国家。土耳其需要 GCF 在技术转让、能力建设和财政方面提供支持，以实现协议目标。土耳其要求获得类似于 KP 中的特权地位，即无论是否被视为发达国家。PA 的核心目标是在 2030 年之前将全球气温升幅控制在 20°C 以下，从而进一步将气温升幅限制在 1.50°C 以内。这一目标取决于 CO 水平的缓解，这意味着各国应减少因森林砍伐而导致的温室气体排放，并采取进一步行动，主要是放弃化石燃料，提高/重视能源效率，以及改变/改进土地利用规划。在这方面，研究的第二部分根据 PA 赋予的责任，分析林业立法和土耳其气候政策的效率水平。分析基于以下问题：土耳其林业立法在多大程度上履行了 PA 赋予的防止森林砍伐的责任。因此，结论是，PA 确定的八项标准没有充分包含在土耳其林业立法中，需要进行大规模修订，特别是当土耳其被视为发达国家时。
