Qaderi Mirwais M, Martel Ashley B, Dixon Sage L
Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
Plants (Basel). 2019 Mar 15;8(3):65. doi: 10.3390/plants8030065.
Developmental initiation of plant vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, from the vascular cambium depends on environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation. Proper formation of vascular tissue is critical for the transpiration stream, along with photosynthesis as a whole. While effects of individual environmental factors on the transpiration stream are well studied, interactive effects of multiple stress factors are underrepresented. As expected, climate change will result in plants experiencing multiple co-occurring environmental stress factors, which require further studies. Also, the effects of the main climate change components (carbon dioxide, temperature, and drought) on vascular cambium are not well understood. This review aims at synthesizing current knowledge regarding the effects of the main climate change components on the initiation and differentiation of vascular cambium, the transpiration stream, and photosynthesis. We predict that combined environmental factors will result in increased diameter and density of xylem vessels or tracheids in the absence of water stress. However, drought may decrease the density of xylem vessels or tracheids. All interactive combinations are expected to increase vascular cell wall thickness, and therefore increase carbon allocation to these tissues. A comprehensive study of the effects of multiple environmental factors on plant vascular tissue and water regulation should help us understand plant responses to climate change.
植物维管组织（包括木质部和韧皮部）从维管形成层开始的发育起始取决于环境因素，如温度和降水。维管组织的正常形成对于蒸腾流以及整个光合作用而言至关重要。虽然单个环境因素对蒸腾流的影响已得到充分研究，但多种胁迫因素的交互作用却较少受到关注。正如预期的那样，气候变化将导致植物同时面临多种环境胁迫因素，这需要进一步研究。此外，气候变化的主要组成部分（二氧化碳、温度和干旱）对维管形成层的影响尚不清楚。本综述旨在综合当前关于气候变化主要组成部分对维管形成层的起始和分化、蒸腾流以及光合作用影响的知识。我们预测，在没有水分胁迫的情况下，综合环境因素将导致木质部导管或管胞的直径和密度增加。然而，干旱可能会降低木质部导管或管胞的密度。预计所有交互组合都会增加维管细胞壁厚度，从而增加碳向这些组织的分配。对多种环境因素对植物维管组织和水分调节影响的全面研究应有助于我们理解植物对气候变化的响应。
