Gaitán-Cremaschi Daniel, Klerkx Laurens, Duncan Jessica, Trienekens Jacques H, Huenchuleo Carlos, Dogliotti Santiago, Contesse María E, Rossing Walter A H
1Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 430, 6700AK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
2Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 8130, 6700EW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Agron Sustain Dev. 2019;39(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s13593-018-0550-2. Epub 2018 Dec 17.
Dominant food systems are configured from the productivist paradigm, which focuses on producing large amounts of inexpensive and standardized foods. Although these food systems continue being supported worldwide, they are no longer considered fit-for-purpose as they have been proven unsustainable in environmental and social terms. A large body of scientific literature argues that a transition from the dominant food systems to alternative ones built around the wider principles of sustainable production and rural development is needed. Promoting such a sustainability transition would benefit from a diagnosis of food system types to identify those systems that may harbor promising characteristics for a transition to sustainable food systems. While research on food system transitions abounds, an operational approach to characterize the diversity of food systems taking a system perspective is still lacking. In this paper we review the literature on how transitions to sustainable food systems may play out and present a framework based on the Multi-Level Perspective on Socio-Technical Transitions, which builds upon conceptual developments from social and natural science disciplines. The objectives of the framework are to (i) characterize the diversity of existing food systems at a certain geographical scale based on a set of structural characteristics and (ii) classify the food systems in terms of their support by mainstream practices, i.e., dominant food systems connected to regimes; deviate radically from them, niche food systems such as those based on grassroots innovation; or share elements of dominant and niche food systems, i.e., hybrid food systems. An example is given of application of our framework to vegetable food systems with a focus on production, distribution, and consumption of low-or-no pesticide vegetables in Chile. Drawing on this illustrative example we reflect on usefulness, shortcomings, and further development and use of the diagnostic framework.
主流食物系统是按照生产主义范式构建的，该范式侧重于生产大量价格低廉且标准化的食品。尽管这些食物系统在全球范围内仍得到支持，但它们已不再被认为符合目的，因为事实证明，它们在环境和社会层面是不可持续的。大量科学文献认为，需要从主流食物系统向围绕可持续生产和农村发展的更广泛原则构建的替代食物系统转变。促进这种可持续性转变将受益于对食物系统类型的诊断，以识别那些可能具有向可持续食物系统转变的有前景特征的系统。虽然关于食物系统转变的研究很多，但从系统角度刻画食物系统多样性的操作性方法仍然缺乏。在本文中，我们回顾了关于向可持续食物系统转变可能如何发生的文献，并提出了一个基于社会技术转变多层次视角的框架，该框架建立在社会和自然科学学科概念发展的基础上。该框架的目标是：（i）基于一组结构特征，在特定地理尺度上刻画现有食物系统的多样性；（ii）根据主流实践对食物系统进行分类，即与制度相关的主流食物系统；与它们有根本偏差的利基食物系统，例如基于草根创新的食物系统；或兼具主流和利基食物系统元素的混合食物系统。文中给出了我们的框架应用于蔬菜食物系统的示例，重点是智利低农药或无农药蔬菜的生产、分销和消费。基于这个示例，我们反思了诊断框架的实用性、缺点以及进一步的发展和应用。
Zotero 插件
