Metzinger-Le Meuth Valérie, Metzinger Laurent
INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France.
HEMATIM EA4666, C.U.R.S, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens Cedex 1, France.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2019 Jan 23;4(1):30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2019.01.002. eCollection 2019 Mar.
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a recent breakthrough regarding gene expression regulation. They are instrumental players known to regulate post-transcriptional expression. miRNAs are short single stranded RNAs that base-pair with target mRNAs in specific regions mainly within their 3' untranslated region. We know now that miRNAs are involved in kidney physiopathology. We outline in this review the recent discoveries made on the roles of miRNAs in cellular and animal models of kidney disease but also in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and so forth. miRNAs are potential innovative biomarkers in nephrology, but before being used in daily clinical routine, their expression in large cohorts will have to be assessed, and an effort will have to be made to standardize measurement methods and to select the most suitable tissues and biofluids. In addition to a putative role as biomarkers, up- or down-regulating miRNAs is a novel therapeutic approach to cure kidney disorders. We discuss in this review recent methods that could be used to deliver miRNAs in a specific and suitable way in kidney and other organs damaged by kidney failure such as the cardiovascular system.
微小RNA（miRNA）是基因表达调控方面的一项最新突破。它们是已知的参与转录后表达调控的重要分子。miRNA是短的单链RNA，主要在靶mRNA的3'非翻译区内的特定区域与靶mRNA进行碱基配对。我们现在知道miRNA参与肾脏生理病理学过程。在本综述中，我们概述了关于miRNA在肾脏疾病的细胞和动物模型以及慢性肾脏病、急性肾损伤等患者中作用的最新发现。miRNA是肾脏病学中潜在的创新性生物标志物，但在用于日常临床实践之前，必须评估它们在大量人群中的表达情况，并且必须努力规范测量方法，选择最合适的组织和生物流体。除了作为生物标志物的假定作用外，上调或下调miRNA是治疗肾脏疾病的一种新型治疗方法。在本综述中，我们讨论了可用于以特定且合适的方式将miRNA递送至肾脏以及其他因肾衰竭而受损的器官（如心血管系统）的最新方法。
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