State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(3):325-332. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190319111437.
Iron deficiency, one of the most common nutritional deficient disorders, frequently affects infants, adolescents and pregnant women and impairs growth, development and immune responses. Iron deficiency may also be secondary to gastrointestinal conditions such as gastrectomy and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as cancer and chronic uremia. Iron supplementation is the most commonly selected treatment option for iron deficiency. This review summarizes the iron compounds currently recommended for the iron fortification of foods and for clinical use. Additionally, this review discusses and compares the important aspects of high-quality iron compounds/products and classes of compounds that enhance iron bioavailability. The development of efficient iron fortification methods remains the most cost-effective and long-term approach to the treatment of iron deficiency or related anemia. To date, no orally administered options for iron fortification can sufficiently replace the parenteral administration of iron supplements, which includes the intramuscular injection of iron-dextran to neonatal piglets and intravenous injection of iron supplements to patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Iron bioavailability may be enhanced by encouraging customers to ingest iron-enriched foods together with dietary sources of vitamin C, folic acid and/or oligosaccharides.
缺铁是最常见的营养缺乏症之一，常影响婴儿、青少年和孕妇，会损害生长、发育和免疫反应。缺铁也可能继发于胃肠道疾病，如胃切除术和炎症性肠病，以及癌症和慢性尿毒症。铁补充剂是治疗缺铁最常用的选择。本综述总结了目前推荐用于食物铁强化和临床应用的铁化合物。此外，本综述还讨论和比较了高质量铁化合物/产品和提高铁生物利用度的化合物类别的重要方面。开发有效的铁强化方法仍然是治疗缺铁或相关贫血最具成本效益和长期的方法。迄今为止，没有口服铁强化剂能够充分替代铁补充剂的肠外给药，包括向新生仔猪肌肉内注射铁右旋糖苷和向胃肠道疾病患者静脉内注射铁补充剂。通过鼓励消费者将富含铁的食物与富含维生素 C、叶酸和/或低聚糖的饮食一起摄入，可以提高铁的生物利用度。
