Brennan M F
Dig Dis Sci. 1986 Sep;31(9 Suppl):77S-90S. doi: 10.1007/BF01295991.
Malnutrition is a common accompaniment of gastrointestinal malignancy. The etiology of such malnutrition is multifactorial, but, when present, is a poor prognostic sign. Simple causes of decreased intake such as obstruction are readily overcome by distal enteral or parenteral feeding. Metabolic abnormalities that limit the efficacy of parenteral nutrition in such patients have been identified and, although not uniform, give further insight into the manner in which the host and the tumor partition energy and substrate. Widespread use of adjunctive parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for gastrointestinal malignancy has not improved tolerance or efficacy of such treatment. Nutritional support of the malnourished patient with a gastrointestinal cancer, prior to a major operation, has been shown to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality.
营养不良是胃肠道恶性肿瘤的常见伴随现象。这种营养不良的病因是多因素的，一旦出现，就是预后不良的标志。诸如梗阻等导致摄入量减少的简单原因，可通过远端肠内或肠外营养轻易克服。已确定了限制此类患者肠外营养效果的代谢异常情况，尽管并不一致，但能进一步深入了解宿主和肿瘤分配能量及底物的方式。在接受胃肠道恶性肿瘤化疗或放疗的患者中广泛使用辅助性肠外营养，并未提高此类治疗的耐受性或疗效。对于患有胃肠道癌症的营养不良患者，在进行大手术之前给予营养支持已被证明可降低围手术期发病率和死亡率。
