Kaufman Scott Barry, Yaden David Bryce, Hyde Elizabeth, Tsukayama Eli
Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Business Administration Division, University of Hawai'i-West O'ahu, Kapolei, HI, United States.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 12;10:467. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467. eCollection 2019.
While there is a growing literature on "dark traits" (i.e., socially aversive traits), there has been a lack of integration with the burgeoning research literature on positive traits and fulfilling and growth-oriented outcomes in life. To help move the field toward greater integration, we contrasted the nomological network of the Dark Triad (a well-studied cluster of socially aversive traits) with the nomological network of the Light Triad, measured by the 12-item Light Triad Scale (LTS). The LTS is a first draft measure of a loving and beneficent orientation toward others ("everyday saints") that consists of three facets: (treating people as ends unto themselves), (valuing the dignity and worth of each individual), and (believing in the fundamental goodness of humans). Across four demographically diverse samples ( = 1,518), the LTS demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, predicting life satisfaction and a wide range of growth-oriented and self-transcendent outcomes above and beyond existing measures of personality. In contrast, the Dark Triad was negatively associated with life satisfaction and growth-oriented outcomes, and showed stronger linkages to selfish, exploitative, aggressive, and socially aversive outcomes. This exploratory study of the contrasting nomological networks of the Light vs. Dark Triad provides several ways forward for more principled and data driven approaches to explore both the malevolent and beneficent sides of human nature.
虽然关于“黑暗特质”(即社会厌恶特质)的文献越来越多,但在将其与新兴的关于积极特质以及生活中充实和成长导向结果的研究文献进行整合方面却存在不足。为了推动该领域实现更大程度的整合,我们将黑暗三元组(一组经过充分研究的社会厌恶特质)的法理网络与由12项光明三元组量表(LTS)测量的光明三元组的法理网络进行了对比。LTS是对他人(“日常圣人”)的关爱和仁慈取向的初稿测量工具,由三个方面组成:(将人视为目的本身)、(重视每个人的尊严和价值)以及(相信人类的基本善良)。在四个不同人口统计学样本((n = 1518))中,LTS表现出出色的信度和效度,除了现有的人格测量指标外,还能预测生活满意度以及一系列成长导向和自我超越的结果。相比之下,黑暗三元组与生活满意度和成长导向结果呈负相关,并且与自私、剥削、攻击性和社会厌恶结果有更强的联系。这项对光明与黑暗三元组对比法理网络的探索性研究为以更有原则和数据驱动的方法探索人性的恶意和仁慈面提供了几种前进方向。