King William L, Siboni Nachshon, Williams Nathan L R, Kahlke Tim, Nguyen Khue Viet, Jenkins Cheryl, Dove Michael, O'Connor Wayne, Seymour Justin R, Labbate Maurizio
The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Mar 11;10:473. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00473. eCollection 2019.
Oyster diseases are a major impediment to the profitability and growth of the oyster aquaculture industry. In recent years, geographically widespread outbreaks of disease caused by ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 μvar) have led to mass mortalities among , the Pacific Oyster. Attempts to minimize the impact of this disease have been largely focused on breeding programs, and although these have shown some success in producing oyster families with reduced mortality, the mechanism(s) behind this protection is poorly understood. One possible factor is modification of the microbiome. To explore how breeding for resistance to OsHV-1 μvar affects the oyster microbiome, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacterial communities associated with 35 families, incorporating oysters with different levels of susceptibility to OsHV-1 μvar disease. The microbiomes of disease-susceptible families were significantly different to the microbiomes of disease-resistant families. OTUs assigned to the , , , , and genera were associated with low disease resistance. In partial support of this finding, qPCR identified a statistically significant increase of -specific 16S rRNA gene copies in the low disease resistance families, possibly indicative of a reduced host immune response to these pathogens. In addition to these results, examination of the core microbiome revealed that each family possessed a small core community, with OTUs assigned to the genus and the family consistent members across most disease-resistant families. This study examines patterns in the microbiome of oyster families exhibiting differing levels of OsHV-1 μvar disease resistance and reveals some key bacterial taxa that may provide a protective or detrimental role in OsHV-1 μvar disease outbreaks.
牡蛎疾病是牡蛎养殖业盈利能力和发展的主要障碍。近年来，由1型牡蛎疱疹病毒微变体（OsHV-1 μvar）引起的疾病在地理上广泛爆发，导致太平洋牡蛎大量死亡。尽量减少这种疾病影响的努力主要集中在育种计划上，尽管这些计划在培育死亡率降低的牡蛎家族方面已取得一些成功，但这种保护背后的机制仍知之甚少。一个可能的因素是微生物组的改变。为了探究针对OsHV-1 μvar的抗性育种如何影响牡蛎微生物组，我们使用16S rRNA扩增子测序来表征与35个家族相关的细菌群落，纳入了对OsHV-1 μvar疾病具有不同易感性水平的牡蛎。疾病易感家族的微生物组与抗病家族的微生物组显著不同。归属于[具体属名1]、[具体属名2]、[具体属名3]、[具体属名4]和[具体属名5]属的操作分类单元（OTU）与低抗病性相关。作为这一发现的部分支持，定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）确定在低抗病性家族中[具体细菌名称]特异性16S rRNA基因拷贝数有统计学上的显著增加，这可能表明宿主对这些病原体的免疫反应降低。除了这些结果，对核心微生物组的检查表明，每个家族都拥有一个小的核心群落，归属于[具体属名]属和[具体家族名]家族的OTU是大多数抗病家族中的一致成员。本研究考察了表现出不同水平OsHV-1 μvar疾病抗性的牡蛎家族微生物组中的模式，并揭示了一些关键细菌分类群，它们可能在OsHV-1 μvar疾病爆发中起到保护或有害作用。
