Feng Tian, Zhang Zhongqiu, Ji Zhiguang, Jia Binbin, Li Yawei
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
Adv Cogn Psychol. 2017 Sep 30;13(3):248-256. doi: 10.5709/acp-0225-x. eCollection 2017.
It is well established that motor expertise is linked to superior mental rotation ability, but few studies have attempted to explain the factors that influence the stages of mental rotation in sport experts. Some authors have argued that athletes are faster in the perceptual and decision stages but not in the rotation stages of object-based transformations; however, stimuli related to sport have not been used to test mental rotation with egocentric transformations. Therefore, 24 adolescent elite divers and 23 adolescent nonathletes completed mental rotation tasks with object-based and egocentric transformations. The results showed faster reaction times (RTs) for the motor experts in tasks with both types of transformations (object-based cube, object-based body, and egocentric body). Additionally, the differences in favour of motor experts in the perceptual and decision stages were confirmed. Interestingly, motor experts also outperformed nonathletes in the rotation stages in the egocentric transformations. These findings are discussed against the background of the effects of sport expertise on mental rotation.
运动专长与卓越的心理旋转能力相关，这一点已得到充分证实，但很少有研究试图解释影响运动专家心理旋转阶段的因素。一些作者认为，运动员在基于物体的转换的感知和决策阶段速度更快，但在旋转阶段并非如此；然而，与运动相关的刺激尚未被用于测试以自我为中心的转换的心理旋转。因此，24名青少年精英潜水员和23名青少年非运动员完成了基于物体和以自我为中心的转换的心理旋转任务。结果表明，在两种类型的转换任务（基于物体的立方体、基于物体的身体和以自我为中心的身体）中，运动专家的反应时间更快。此外，证实了运动专家在感知和决策阶段更具优势。有趣的是，在以自我为中心的转换的旋转阶段，运动专家也比非运动员表现得更好。我们将在运动专长对心理旋转影响的背景下讨论这些发现。
