Andrews Christopher, Southworth Michael K, Silva Jennifer N A, Silva Jonathan R
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis School of Engineering and Applied Science, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA.
SentiAR, Inc, 212 N Kingshighway Blvd, Suite #115, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):18. doi: 10.1007/s11936-019-0722-7.
Advances in display technology and computing have led to new devices capable of overlaying digital information onto the physical world or incorporating aspects of the physical world into virtual scenes. These combinations of digital and physical environments are referred to as extended realities. Extended reality (XR) devices offer many advantages for medical applications including realistic 3D visualization and touch-free interfaces that can be used in sterile environments. This review introduces extended reality and describes how it can be applied to medical practice.
The 3D displays of extended reality devices are valuable in situations where spatial information such as patient anatomy and medical instrument position is important. Applications that take advantage of these 3D capabilities include teaching and pre-operative planning. The utility of extended reality during interventional procedures has been demonstrated with through 3D visualizations of patient anatomy, scar visualization, and real-time catheter tracking with touch-free software control. Extended reality devices have been applied to education, pre-procedural planning, and cardiac interventions. These devices excel in settings where traditional devices are difficult to use, such as in the cardiac catheterization lab. New applications of extended reality in cardiology will continue to emerge as the technology improves.
显示技术和计算技术的进步催生了新设备，这些设备能够将数字信息叠加到现实世界，或将现实世界的元素融入虚拟场景。数字环境与现实环境的这些结合被称为扩展现实。扩展现实（XR）设备在医疗应用中具有诸多优势，包括逼真的3D可视化以及可在无菌环境中使用的免接触界面。本综述介绍扩展现实，并描述其在医学实践中的应用方式。
扩展现实设备的3D显示在诸如患者解剖结构和医疗器械位置等空间信息至关重要的情况下很有价值。利用这些3D功能的应用包括教学和术前规划。通过患者解剖结构的3D可视化、瘢痕可视化以及使用免接触软件控制进行实时导管追踪，已证明扩展现实在介入手术过程中的实用性。扩展现实设备已应用于教育、术前规划和心脏介入治疗。这些设备在传统设备难以使用的环境中表现出色，例如在心脏导管实验室。随着技术的进步，扩展现实在心脏病学中的新应用将不断涌现。
