Miotto Yohanna Evelyn, Tessele Carolina, Czermainski Ana Beatriz Costa, Porto Diogo Denardi, Falavigna Vítor da Silveira, Sartor Tiago, Cattani Amanda Malvessi, Delatorre Carla Andrea, de Alencar Sérgio Amorim, da Silva-Junior Orzenil Bonfim, Togawa Roberto Coiti, Costa Marcos Mota do Carmo, Pappas Georgios Joannis, Grynberg Priscila, de Oliveira Paulo Ricardo Dias, Kvitschal Marcus Vinícius, Denardi Frederico, Buffon Vanessa, Revers Luís Fernando
Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Mar 7;10:33. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00033. eCollection 2019.
Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple ( × Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait. An available Infinium II SNP platform for genotyping containing 8,788 single nucleotide polymorphic markers was employed, and linkage maps were constructed in a F cross from the low CR M13/91 and the moderate CR cv. Fred Hough. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bud break date as a trait related to dormancy release. A major QTL for bud break was detected at the beginning of linkage group 9 (LG9). This QTL remained stable during seven seasons in two different growing sites. To increase mapping efficiency in detecting contributing genes underlying this QTL, 182 additional SNP markers located at the locus for bud break were used. Combining linkage mapping and structural characterization of the region, the high proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait explained by the QTL is related to the coincident positioning of Arabidopsis orthologs for , and protein-coding genes. The proximity of these genes from the most explanatory markers of this QTL for bud break suggests potential genetic additive effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of inter-dependent mechanisms controlling dormancy induction and release in apple trees.
苹果（×Borkh.）芽休眠解除的需冷量决定了芽萌发的时间。芽休眠的分子调控具有高度遗传性，表明该性状受强大的遗传控制。利用一个包含8788个单核苷酸多态性标记的Infinium II SNP基因分型平台，在低需冷量的M13/91和中等需冷量的品种Fred Hough的F杂交后代中构建了连锁图谱。这些图谱用于鉴定与休眠解除相关的芽萌发日期的数量性状位点（QTL）。在连锁群9（LG9）的起始位置检测到一个主要的芽萌发QTL。该QTL在两个不同生长地点的七个季节中保持稳定。为了提高检测该QTL潜在贡献基因的定位效率，使用了位于芽萌发位点的另外182个SNP标记。结合连锁定位和该区域的结构特征，该QTL解释的性状表型变异的高比例与拟南芥中与、和蛋白质编码基因直系同源基因的重合定位有关。该QTL中对芽萌发最具解释力的标记附近的这些基因表明存在潜在的遗传加性效应，强化了控制苹果树休眠诱导和解除的相互依赖机制的假设。
