1 The Endocrine Disruption Exchange , Eckert, Colorado, USA.
2 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Apr;127(4):46001. doi: 10.1289/EHP4386.
Estimates of autism prevalence have increased dramatically over the past two decades. Evidence suggests environmental factors may contribute to the etiology of the disorder.
This scoping review aimed to identify and categorize primary research and reviews on the association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to environmental chemicals and the development of autism in epidemiological studies and rodent models of autism.
PubMed was searched through 8 February 2018. Included studies assessed exposure to environmental chemicals prior to 2 months of age in humans or 14 d in rodents. Rodent studies were considered relevant if they included at least one measurement of reciprocal social communicative behavior or repetitive and stereotyped behavior. Study details are presented in interactive displays using Tableau Public.
The search returned 21,603 unique studies, of which 54 epidemiological studies, 46 experimental rodent studies, and 50 reviews were deemed relevant, covering 152 chemical exposures. The most frequently studied exposures in humans were particulate matter ([Formula: see text]), mercury ([Formula: see text]), nonspecific air pollution ([Formula: see text]), and lead ([Formula: see text]). In rodent studies, the most frequently studied exposures were chlorpyrifos ([Formula: see text]), mercury ([Formula: see text]), and lead ([Formula: see text]).
Although research is growing rapidly, wide variability exists in study design and conduct, exposures investigated, and outcomes assessed. Conclusions focus on recommendations to guide development of best practices in epidemiology and toxicology, including greater harmonization across these fields of research to more quickly and efficiently identify chemicals of concern. In particular, we recommend chlorpyrifos, lead, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) be systematically reviewed in order to assess their relationship with the development of autism. There is a pressing need to move forward quickly and efficiently to understand environmental influences on autism in order to answer current regulatory questions and inform treatment and prevention efforts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4386.
在过去的二十年中，自闭症的患病率估计急剧增加。有证据表明，环境因素可能有助于该疾病的发病机制。
本范围综述旨在确定和分类主要研究和综述，这些研究和综述探讨了产前和新生儿早期暴露于环境化学物质与流行病学研究和自闭症啮齿动物模型中自闭症发展之间的关联。
通过 2018 年 2 月 8 日检索 PubMed。纳入的研究评估了人类在 2 个月龄之前或啮齿动物在 14 天内暴露于环境化学物质的情况。如果啮齿动物研究至少包括一次互惠社会交流行为或重复刻板行为的测量，则认为它们与本研究相关。使用 Tableau Public 在交互式显示中呈现研究细节。
搜索返回了 21,603 条独特的研究，其中 54 项流行病学研究、46 项实验性啮齿动物研究和 50 项综述被认为是相关的，涵盖了 152 种化学物质暴露。在人类中最常研究的暴露是颗粒物 ([Formula: see text])、汞 ([Formula: see text])、非特定空气污染 ([Formula: see text]) 和铅 ([Formula: see text])。在啮齿动物研究中，最常研究的暴露是氯吡硫磷 ([Formula: see text])、汞 ([Formula: see text]) 和铅 ([Formula: see text])。
尽管研究进展迅速，但研究设计和进行、研究暴露和评估结果存在很大差异。结论侧重于指导流行病学和毒理学最佳实践发展的建议，包括在这些研究领域加强协调，以更快速和有效地确定关注的化学物质。特别是，我们建议系统地审查氯吡硫磷、铅和多氯联苯 (PCBs)，以评估它们与自闭症发展的关系。为了回答当前的监管问题并为治疗和预防工作提供信息，我们迫切需要迅速有效地了解环境对自闭症的影响。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4386。
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