Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 999077, Hong Kong.
Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Rhodes, NSW 2139, Australia.
Dis Markers. 2019 Mar 3;2019:2673543. doi: 10.1155/2019/2673543. eCollection 2019.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cancer globally; therefore, early diagnosis and surveillance of this cancer are of paramount importance. Current methods of CRC diagnosis rely heavily on endoscopy or radiological imaging. Noninvasive tests including serum detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) are associated with low sensitivity and specificity, especially at early stages. DNA methylation biomarkers have recently been found to have higher accuracy in CRC detection and enhanced prediction of prognosis and chemotherapy response. The most widely studied biomarker in CRC is methylated septin 9 (SEPT9), which is the only FDA-approved methylation-based biomarker for CRC. Apart from SEPT9, other methylated biomarkers including tachykinin-1 (TAC1), somatostatin (SST), and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) have been shown to effectively detect CRC in a multitude of sample types. This review will discuss the performances of various methylated biomarkers used for CRC diagnosis and monitoring, when used alone or in combination.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球主要的癌症；因此，早期诊断和监测这种癌症至关重要。目前 CRC 的诊断方法主要依赖于内窥镜或放射影像学。非侵入性检测包括血清癌胚抗原（CEA）检测和粪便潜血试验（FOBT）的敏感性和特异性都较低，尤其是在早期阶段。最近发现 DNA 甲基化生物标志物在 CRC 检测中具有更高的准确性，并能增强对预后和化疗反应的预测。在 CRC 中研究最广泛的生物标志物是甲基化 Septin 9（SEPT9），它是唯一获得 FDA 批准的 CRC 基于甲基化的生物标志物。除 SEPT9 外，其他甲基化生物标志物，包括速激肽-1（TAC1）、生长抑素（SST）和 runt 相关转录因子 3（RUNX3），已被证明可有效地在多种样本类型中检测 CRC。本文将讨论单独或联合使用时用于 CRC 诊断和监测的各种甲基化生物标志物的性能。
