Conte Lisiane, Somacal Sabrina, Nichelle Sabrina Marafiga, Rampelotto Cristine, Robalo Silvino Sasso, Roehrs Miguel, Emanuelli Tatiana
Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Integrated Centre for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Centre of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
J Nutr Metab. 2019 Mar 3;2019:9407069. doi: 10.1155/2019/9407069. eCollection 2019.
Lycopene-based medications and supplements have been developed to prevent atherosclerosis, primarily because of their ability to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Bixin and norbixin are carotenoids found in the seeds of annatto () and are colorants widely used by the food industry. Some studies have already demonstrated that these compounds have antioxidant and antiatherogenic potential and in animal models, but there is no evidence supporting the effects of their long-term or short-term consumption by humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term intake of annatto carotenoids on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as on the susceptibility of LDL oxidation in healthy individuals, using lycopene as a positive control. The effect of daily supplementation (0.05 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.)) with bixin, norbixin, lycopene, or placebo for 7 days was evaluated in a randomized, controlled crossover study in 16 healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women). The susceptibility of LDL to Cu-induced oxidation , biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. No treatment affected biochemical parameters or most oxidative stress biomarkers. However, bixin reduced the oxidation rate of the LDL lipid moiety (-275%, < 0.1) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) (-460%, < 0.1), compared to the placebo group. Moreover, we observed that the changes in these parameters were positively associated, supporting the hypothesis that bixin decreases the susceptibility of LDL to Cu-induced oxidation by decreasing NOx levels, probably by downregulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase.
基于番茄红素的药物和补充剂已被开发用于预防动脉粥样硬化，主要是因为它们能够降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）氧化。胭脂树素和降胭脂树素是在胭脂树种子中发现的类胡萝卜素，是食品工业广泛使用的色素。一些研究已经在动物模型中证明这些化合物具有抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化潜力，但没有证据支持人类长期或短期食用它们的效果。本研究的目的是使用番茄红素作为阳性对照，评估短期摄入胭脂树类胡萝卜素对健康个体生化和氧化应激生物标志物以及LDL氧化易感性的影响。在一项随机、对照交叉研究中，对16名健康志愿者（8名男性和8名女性）评估了每日补充（0.05毫克/千克体重）胭脂树素、降胭脂树素、番茄红素或安慰剂7天的效果。评估了LDL对铜诱导氧化的易感性、生化参数和氧化应激生物标志物。没有治疗影响生化参数或大多数氧化应激生物标志物。然而，与安慰剂组相比，胭脂树素降低了LDL脂质部分的氧化速率（-275%，P<0.1）和一氧化氮代谢物（NOx）（-460%，P<0.1）。此外，我们观察到这些参数的变化呈正相关，支持了胭脂树素可能通过下调诱导型一氧化氮合酶降低NOx水平，从而降低LDL对铜诱导氧化的易感性这一假设。
