UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Center for Innovative Pharmacy Education and Research, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Apr 4;19(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1528-8.
Design thinking is a problem-solving framework that has been used to enhance patient experiences, improve clinical outcomes, and refine medical curricula. This study reviewed the use of design thinking in health professions education.
A search yielded 169 articles, which were excluded if they were: (1) not related to education; (2) lacking an application of design thinking; or (3) not associated with healthcare. The final review yielded 15 articles, which were analyzed using qualitative methods.
All articles were published in 2009 or later and were diverse in their context, participants, and approach. Six studies emphasized the early stages of design thinking, with inspiration and ideation stages fostered through a variety of activities, such as lectures, small group discussions, and workshops. Studies examined a range of outcomes, including self-efficacy, perceptions, and solutions to a specific problem.
Our findings raise important considerations for health professions education, including the extent to which we should: 1) teach design thinking to students as a skill-based tool to prepare students for problem solving in complex healthcare environments; and 2) use design thinking to create, implement, and refine health professions curricula and educational programs. Despite the apparent benefits of design thinking, many questions for health professions education remain.
设计思维是一种解决问题的框架，已被用于改善患者体验、提高临床结果和完善医学课程。本研究回顾了设计思维在健康专业教育中的应用。
搜索共产生了 169 篇文章，但如果它们不满足以下条件则被排除：（1）与教育无关；（2）未应用设计思维；（3）与医疗保健无关。最终的综述共纳入了 15 篇文章，使用定性方法对其进行了分析。
所有文章均发表于 2009 年或之后，且背景、参与者和方法多样。6 项研究强调了设计思维的早期阶段，通过各种活动（如讲座、小组讨论和研讨会）来激发灵感和构思。研究考察了一系列结果，包括自我效能感、认知以及对特定问题的解决方案。
我们的研究结果为健康专业教育提出了重要的考虑因素，包括我们应该在多大程度上：1）将设计思维作为一种技能工具教授给学生，以帮助学生在复杂的医疗环境中解决问题；2）使用设计思维来创建、实施和完善健康专业课程和教育计划。尽管设计思维具有明显的优势，但健康专业教育仍存在许多问题。
