School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Jul 1;132:906-914. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.020. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Cordyceps militaris is a unique and precious medical fungus in Chinese Cordyceps, which has been widely used as the traditional medicines or as biocontrol agents against pests in China for centuries. Polysaccharides are one of bioactive constituents in Cordyceps militaris with a variety of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-aging activities, among others. However, natural Cordyceps militaris are very rare and expensive, most of literatures indicated that the polysaccharides were mostly extracted from artificially cultivated fungal fruiting bodies (intracellular polysaccharides) or mycelia fermentation broths (extracellular polysaccharides). Moreover, separation and purification of polysaccharides was a very complicated and cumbersome process. Nevertheless, a large number of polysaccharides were purified and its characterization was elucidated by structure and biological activities. However, the relationship between structure and activity of polysaccharides has not been well established. Therefore, this review detailed the recent advance in several aspects (i.e., extraction, isolation, structure, and bioactivities) of the polysaccharides from fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. This information could provide theoretical basis for the research on related polysaccharides, and also have important reference value in the field of functional foods and medicine in the future.
蛹虫草是中国虫草中的一种独特而珍贵的药用真菌，几个世纪以来，它一直被广泛用作传统药物或作为防治害虫的生物防治剂。多糖是蛹虫草中的一种生物活性成分，具有多种生物活性，包括免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗衰老等。然而，天然蛹虫草非常稀有且昂贵，大多数文献表明，多糖主要从人工栽培真菌子实体（胞内多糖）或菌丝发酵液中提取（胞外多糖）。此外，多糖的分离和纯化是一个非常复杂和繁琐的过程。然而，通过结构和生物活性，已经有大量的多糖被纯化并进行了其特征描述。然而，多糖的结构与活性之间的关系尚未得到很好的建立。因此，本文详细介绍了蛹虫草子实体多糖在提取、分离、结构和生物活性等几个方面的最新进展。这些信息可为相关多糖的研究提供理论依据，对未来功能食品和医药领域也具有重要的参考价值。
