Olive O'Driscoll, Marianne Magnusson, Henry Pope Malcolm, Hung-Kay Chow Daniel
Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, Scotland, UK; AventaMed, Rubicon Centre, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
Section of Economy and Technology, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
Chin J Traumatol. 2019 Apr;22(2):80-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.10.006. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
Whiplash associated disorders remain a major health problem in terms of impact on health care and on societal costs. Aetiology remains controversial including the old supposition that the cervical muscles do not play a significant role. This study examined the muscle activity from relevant muscles during rear-end impacts in an effort to gauge their influence on the aetiology of whiplash associated disorders.
Volunteers were subjected to a sub-injury level of rear impact. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record cervical muscle activity before, during and after impact. Muscle response time and EMG signal amplitude were analysed. Head, pelvis, and T1 acceleration data were recorded.
The activities of the cervical muscles were found to be significant. The sternocleidomastoideus, trapezius and erector spinae were activated on average 59 ms, 73 ms and 84 ms after the impact stimulus, respectively, prior to peak head acceleration (113 ms).
The cervical muscles reacted prior to peak head acceleration, thus in time to influence whiplash biomechanics and possibly injury mechanisms. It is recommended therefore, that muscular influences be incorporated into the development of the new rear-impact crash test dummy in order to make the dummy as biofidelic as possible.
挥鞭样损伤相关疾病在医疗保健和社会成本方面仍然是一个重大的健康问题。病因仍存在争议，包括过去认为颈部肌肉不起重要作用的假设。本研究检查了追尾碰撞时相关肌肉的活动，以评估它们对挥鞭样损伤相关疾病病因的影响。
让志愿者遭受亚损伤水平的追尾碰撞。使用表面肌电图（EMG）记录碰撞前、碰撞期间和碰撞后的颈部肌肉活动。分析肌肉反应时间和EMG信号幅度。记录头部、骨盆和T1加速度数据。
发现颈部肌肉的活动很显著。胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌和竖脊肌在碰撞刺激后平均分别于59毫秒、73毫秒和84毫秒被激活，早于头部加速度峰值（113毫秒）。
颈部肌肉在头部加速度峰值之前就做出了反应，从而及时影响挥鞭样损伤的生物力学和可能的损伤机制。因此，建议在新型追尾碰撞试验假人的开发中纳入肌肉影响因素，以使假人尽可能具有生物逼真度。
