Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, United Kingdom.
Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, United Kingdom; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2019 Apr;30:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.08.002. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
Cough is a forced expulsive manoeuvre, usually against a closed glottis and is associated with a characteristic sound that is easily recognised. It is a protective reflex against aspiration and to clear airway secretions. In children cough is extremely common and when prolonged it is often a cause for concern for parents, resulting in a high proportion of attendances to primary and secondary care. There are many causes of cough which may be divided into productive or non-productive in character. As there are many guidelines for the management of productive or 'wet' cough the focus of this paper will be to discuss some of the main causes, investigations and management options for 'dry' cough. Dry coughing suggests airway irritation and or inflammation (without excessive extra secretion formation) and is predominantly the result of an acute viral respiratory infection that may last up to 3-4 weeks.
咳嗽是一种强制性的呼气动作,通常是在声门关闭的情况下进行,同时伴有一种特征性的声音,很容易被识别。它是一种保护反射,可防止误吸和清除气道分泌物。在儿童中,咳嗽非常常见,当咳嗽持续时间较长时,父母往往会感到担忧,这导致了大量儿童前往初级和二级保健机构就诊。咳嗽有许多原因,可根据其特征分为有痰或无痰。由于有许多针对有痰或“湿”性咳嗽的治疗指南,本文将重点讨论“干”性咳嗽的一些主要原因、检查和治疗选择。干性咳嗽提示气道受到刺激和/或炎症(没有过多的额外分泌物形成),主要是急性病毒性呼吸道感染的结果,持续时间可达 3-4 周。