1 Institute of Marine Research , Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His , Norway.
2 Center for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder , 4604 Kristiansand , Norway.
Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Jan 16;286(1894):20182455. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2455.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered viable fisheries management tools due to their potential benefits of adult spillover and recruitment subsidy to nearby fisheries. However, before-after control-impact studies that explore the biological and fishery effects of MPAs to surrounding fisheries are scarce. We present results from a fine-scale spatial gradient study conducted before and after the implementation of a 5 km lobster MPA in southern Norway. A significant nonlinear response in lobster abundance, estimated as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) from experimental fishing, was detected within 2 years of protection. After 4 years, CPUE values inside the MPA had increased by a magnitude of 2.6 compared to before-protection values. CPUE showed a significant nonlinear decline from the centre of the MPA, with a depression immediately outside the border and a plateau in fished areas. Overall fishing pressure almost doubled over the course of the study. The highest increase in fishing pressure (by a magnitude of 3) was recorded within 1 km of the MPA border, providing a plausible cause for the depression in CPUE. Taken together, these results demonstrate the need to regulate fishing pressure in surrounding areas when MPAs are implemented as fishery management tools.
海洋保护区 (MPAs) 被认为是可行的渔业管理工具，因为它们具有潜在的成年洄游溢出和对附近渔业的补充作用。然而，探索 MPAs 对周围渔业的生物和渔业影响的前后对照影响研究很少。我们展示了在挪威南部实施 5 公里龙虾 MPA 前后进行的精细空间梯度研究的结果。在保护后的 2 年内，从实验捕捞中估计的龙虾丰度（单位努力渔获量，CPUE）检测到了显著的非线性响应。4 年后，MPA 内的 CPUE 值与保护前相比增加了 2.6 倍。CPUE 从 MPA 的中心呈显著的非线性下降，在边界外立即出现凹陷，在捕捞区出现高原。在研究过程中，总体捕捞压力几乎翻了一番。在 MPA 边界内 1 公里范围内记录到捕捞压力的最大增加（增加了 3 倍），这为 CPUE 下降提供了一个合理的原因。总之，这些结果表明，当 MPA 被用作渔业管理工具时，需要对周围地区的捕捞压力进行监管。
