Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 9;16(7):1267. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071267.
Polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) emissions from basic small-scale waste incinerators (SWI) may cause health risks in nearby people and are thus subject to stringent regulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate PCDD/F emission and reduction of a basic SWI in the absence of air pollution controls (APCs). The results indicated that the stack gas and fly ash presented average PCDD/F levels and emission factors of 3.6 ng international toxic equivalent (I-TEQ)/Nm³ and 189.31µg I-TEQ/t and 6.89 ng I-TEQ/g and 137.85µg I-TEQ/t, respectively, much higher than those from large municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). PCDD/Fs congener fingerprints indicated that de novo synthesis played a dominant role in the low-temperature post-combustion zone and increased the presence of high-chlorine substituted congeners. On the basis of the emission factor 327.24 µg I-TEQ/t-waste, approximately 3000 g I-TEQ dioxins might be generated in total through basic SWIs and open burning. After refitting an SWI by adding activated carbon injection with a bag filter (ACI+BG), the PCDD/F emissions decreased to mean values of 0.042 ng I-TEQ/Nm³, far below the standard of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm³, and the removal efficiency reached 99.13% in terms of I-TEQ. Therefore, it is entirely feasible to considerably reduce PCDD/F emissions by refitting basic SWI, which is positive for the future development of rural solid waste (RSW (RSW) disposal by SWI.
多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）从小型简易垃圾焚烧炉（SWI）排放可能会对附近居民的健康造成危害，因此受到严格的监管。本研究旨在评估在缺乏空气污染控制（APC）的情况下基本 SWI 的 PCDD/F 排放和减排情况。结果表明，烟囱气和飞灰中 PCDD/F 的平均浓度和排放因子分别为 3.6ng 国际毒性等效浓度（I-TEQ）/Nm³和 189.31µg I-TEQ/t 和 6.89ng I-TEQ/g 和 137.85µg I-TEQ/t，均远高于大型城市固体废物焚烧炉（MSWI）。PCDD/F 同系物指纹图谱表明，在低温后燃烧区，新生合成作用占主导地位，增加了高氯取代同系物的存在。基于 327.24µg I-TEQ/t-废物的排放因子，通过基本 SWI 和露天焚烧，总共可能会产生约 3000g I-TEQ 二恶英。在通过添加活性炭喷射与袋式过滤器（ACI+BG）对 SWI 进行改造后，PCDD/F 排放量降低至 0.042ng I-TEQ/Nm³的平均值，远低于 0.1ng I-TEQ/Nm³的标准，以 I-TEQ 计，去除效率达到 99.13%。因此，通过改造基本 SWI 来大幅减少 PCDD/F 排放是完全可行的，这对未来 SWI 处理农村固体废物（RSW）的发展具有积极意义。
