He Yanzhen, Han Xijiang, Du Yunchen, Zhang Bin, Xu Ping
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2016 Oct 17;8(10):366. doi: 10.3390/polym8100366.
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have been one of the most remarkable families of materials with promising applications in fuel cells, supercapacitors, and batteries. Among them, conjugated polymer (CP)-derived heteroatom-doped carbon materials exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances because the heteroatoms can be preserved at a relatively high content and keep stable under harsh working conditions. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the rational design and various applications of CP-derived heteroatom-doped carbon materials, including polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and their ramification-derived carbons, as well as transition metal-carbon nanocomposites. The key point of considering CP-derived heteroatom-doped carbon materials as important candidates of electrode materials is that CPs contain only nonmetallic elements and some key heteroatoms in their backbones which provide great chances for the synthesis of metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures. The presented examples in this review will provide new insights in designing and optimizing heteroatom-doped carbon materials for the development of anode and cathode materials for electrochemical device applications.
杂原子掺杂碳材料一直是最引人注目的材料家族之一，在燃料电池、超级电容器和电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。其中，共轭聚合物（CP）衍生的杂原子掺杂碳材料表现出卓越的电化学性能，因为杂原子能够以相对较高的含量得以保留，并且在苛刻的工作条件下保持稳定。在本综述中，我们总结了CP衍生的杂原子掺杂碳材料在合理设计和各种应用方面的最新进展，包括聚苯胺（PANI）、聚吡咯（PPy）及其衍生物衍生的碳材料，以及过渡金属-碳纳米复合材料。将CP衍生的杂原子掺杂碳材料视为电极材料重要候选者的关键在于，CPs在其主链中仅包含非金属元素和一些关键杂原子，这为合成无金属杂原子掺杂碳纳米结构提供了巨大机遇。本综述中给出的实例将为设计和优化杂原子掺杂碳材料以开发用于电化学器件应用的阳极和阴极材料提供新的见解。
