Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Apr 11;11(4):827. doi: 10.3390/nu11040827.
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.
自噬在几种生理和病理过程中发挥作用，因为它控制着细胞成分的周转率，并影响细胞内稳态。肝脏在控制生物体的新陈代谢、调节葡萄糖储存、血浆蛋白和胆汁合成以及清除有毒物质方面起着核心作用。肝脏功能对自噬调节特别敏感。在这篇综述中，我们总结了研究自噬如何影响肝脏代谢的研究，重点关注脂肪积累和脂质周转。我们还描述了自噬如何影响胆汁生成和肝脏复杂内稳态中的清除功能。我们强调了肝脏自噬在对抗代谢综合征及其相关心血管风险中的作用。最后，我们强调了最近的报告，这些报告表明肝脏内发生的自噬如何影响骨骼肌内稳态以及黑色素瘤等不同的肝外实体瘤。
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