Morales Pablo Esteban, Bucarey Jose Luis, Espinosa Alejandra
Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
CIDIS-AC, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017:1789395. doi: 10.1155/2017/1789395. Epub 2017 Jun 6.
Skeletal muscle is one of the main regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in our organism, and therefore, it is highly susceptible to changes in glucose and fatty acid (FA) availability. Skeletal muscle is an extremely complex tissue: its metabolic capacity depends on the type of fibers it is made up of and the level of stimulation it undergoes, such as acute or chronic contraction. Obesity is often associated with increased FA levels, which leads to the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, oxidative stress, and autophagy in skeletal fibers. This lipotoxicity is one of the most common causes of insulin resistance (IR). In this scenario, the "isolation" of certain lipids in specific cell compartments, through the action of the specific lipid droplet, perilipin (PLIN) family of proteins, is conceived as a lifeguard compensatory strategy. In this review, we summarize the cellular mechanism underlying lipid mobilization and metabolism inside skeletal muscle, focusing on the function of lipid droplets, the PLIN family of proteins, and how these entities are modified in exercise, obesity, and IR conditions.
骨骼肌是机体碳水化合物和脂质代谢的主要调节者之一，因此，它极易受到葡萄糖和脂肪酸（FA）可用性变化的影响。骨骼肌是一种极其复杂的组织：其代谢能力取决于它所包含的纤维类型以及所经历的刺激水平，如急性或慢性收缩。肥胖通常与脂肪酸水平升高有关，这会导致有毒脂质中间体的积累、氧化应激以及骨骼肌纤维中的自噬。这种脂毒性是胰岛素抵抗（IR）最常见的原因之一。在这种情况下，通过特定脂质滴、脂联素（PLIN）蛋白家族的作用，将某些脂质“隔离”在特定细胞区室中，被认为是一种保护性的补偿策略。在本综述中，我们总结了骨骼肌内脂质动员和代谢的细胞机制，重点关注脂质滴、PLIN蛋白家族的功能，以及这些实体在运动、肥胖和胰岛素抵抗条件下是如何被修饰的。
