Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Semin Liver Dis. 2018 Nov;38(4):308-319. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1669939. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Autophagy actively participates in the physiological process of the liver. While the direct effect of autophagy may be limited to the sequestration and degradation of a selective cargo, its overall impact can be broad, affecting many more physiological processes regulated by the particular cargo. This review will discuss two aspects of the importance of autophagy in the liver: metabolic regulation in response to feeding and starvation, and pathological consequences in the absence of autophagy. These two aspects illustrate the homeostatic functions of autophagy in the liver, one in a more direct fashion, regulating the cellular nutrient supply, and the other in a more indirect fashion, controlling the pathological signaling triggered by the abnormal accumulation of cargos. Remarkably, the hepatic pathology in autophagy-deficient livers does not seem different from that presented in other chronic liver diseases. Autophagy deficiency can be a model for the study of the relevant molecular mechanisms.
自噬积极参与肝脏的生理过程。虽然自噬的直接作用可能仅限于对特定货物的隔离和降解，但它的总体影响可能很广泛，影响更多受特定货物调节的生理过程。本综述将讨论自噬在肝脏中的两个重要方面：进食和饥饿时的代谢调节，以及自噬缺失时的病理后果。这两个方面说明了自噬在肝脏中的体内平衡功能，一种更直接的方式是调节细胞的营养供应，另一种更间接的方式是控制由货物异常积累引发的病理信号。值得注意的是，自噬缺陷肝脏的肝病理似乎与其他慢性肝病没有不同。自噬缺陷可以作为研究相关分子机制的模型。
