Venkatesan Jayachandran, Anil Sukumaran, Kim Se-Kwon, Shim Min Suk
Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, P.O Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2016 Jan 26;8(2):30. doi: 10.3390/polym8020030.
In recent years, there have been major advances and increasing amounts of research on the utilization of natural polymeric materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Seaweed polysaccharides are abundant resources and have been extensively studied for several biological, biomedical, and functional food applications. The exploration of seaweed polysaccharides for drug delivery applications is still in its infancy. Alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, ulvan, and laminarin are polysaccharides commonly isolated from seaweed. These natural polymers can be converted into nanoparticles (NPs) by different types of methods, such as ionic gelation, emulsion, and polyelectrolyte complexing. Ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexing are commonly employed by adding cationic molecules to these anionic polymers to produce NPs of a desired shape, size, and charge. In the present review, we have discussed the preparation of seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs using different types of methods as well as their usage as carriers for the delivery of various therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, anti-cancer drugs, and antibiotics). Seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs exhibit suitable particle size, high drug encapsulation, and sustained drug release with high biocompatibility, thereby demonstrating their high potential for safe and efficient drug delivery.
近年来，由于天然高分子材料具有生物相容性和生物可降解性，其作为药物递送载体的研究取得了重大进展，相关研究数量也在不断增加。海藻多糖资源丰富，已在多种生物、生物医学和功能性食品应用方面得到广泛研究。海藻多糖在药物递送应用方面的探索仍处于起步阶段。藻酸盐、卡拉胶、岩藻依聚糖、褐藻糖胶和海带多糖是通常从海藻中分离得到的多糖。这些天然聚合物可以通过不同类型的方法转化为纳米颗粒（NPs），如离子凝胶法、乳化法和聚电解质络合法。离子凝胶法和聚电解质络合法通常是通过向这些阴离子聚合物中添加阳离子分子来制备具有所需形状、尺寸和电荷的纳米颗粒。在本综述中，我们讨论了使用不同类型的方法制备基于海藻多糖的纳米颗粒及其作为各种治疗分子（如蛋白质、肽、抗癌药物和抗生素）递送载体的用途。基于海藻多糖的纳米颗粒具有合适的粒径、高药物包封率和持续的药物释放，同时具有高生物相容性，因此显示出其在安全高效药物递送方面的巨大潜力。
