Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2 Gotham Center, 42-09 28th Street, 11th Floor, Queens, New York, 11101, NY, USA.
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Community Health. 2019 Aug;44(4):772-783. doi: 10.1007/s10900-019-00641-w.
More than half of young adult (YA) (ages 18-26) smokers are non-daily smokers. While standard cessation methods are generally successful with adults and daily smokers, there is evidence that they are not as successful among non-daily smokers or young adults. Additionally, YA smokers are also in a transition period to regular smoking, making research on understanding how interpersonal and environmental factors affect this group of smokers critical. Randomized time location sampling was used to create a sample of New York City YA bar patrons between June and November 2013, who completed a self-administered survey (1,916 surveys). Questions were asked about perceived smoking social norms, stigma, behaviors, and demographics. Overall, almost half of the YA reported being current smokers (44.1%); one-third were non-daily smokers (36.7%) and less than ten percent were daily smokers (7.4%). Non-daily smokers compared with daily smokers had greater odds of believing New Yorkers disapproved of smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.10-2.79)], keeping tobacco a secret from certain people (OR 1.84, 1.14-2.96) and feeling guilty when smoking (OR: 2.54; 1.45-4.45). Non-daily smokers had 41% lower odds of reporting how people who are important to you disapproved of smoking than daily smokers (OR: 0.59; 0.38-0.94). Further studies of interpersonal/environmental factors among YA smokers may support modifications to cessation programs that result in more successful YA quit attempts.
超过一半的年轻成年人（18-26 岁）烟民是非每日吸烟者。虽然标准的戒烟方法对成年人和每日吸烟者通常是有效的，但有证据表明，它们对非每日吸烟者或年轻成年人并不那么有效。此外，年轻成年人也正处于向常规吸烟过渡的阶段，因此研究了解人际和环境因素如何影响这组烟民至关重要。本研究采用随机时间地点抽样方法，于 2013 年 6 月至 11 月期间在纽约市的酒吧中创建了一个年轻成年人的样本，该样本由完成自我管理调查的（1916 名）年轻人组成。调查问题包括对吸烟社会规范、耻辱感、行为和人口统计学的感知。总体而言，近一半的年轻人报告称自己是当前吸烟者（44.1%）；三分之一是非每日吸烟者（36.7%），不到 10%的人是每日吸烟者（7.4%）。与每日吸烟者相比，非每日吸烟者更有可能认为纽约人不赞成吸烟[调整后的优势比（OR 1.76，95%CI 1.10-2.79)]，对某些人隐瞒吸烟行为[OR 1.84，1.14-2.96]，吸烟时感到内疚[OR：2.54；1.45-4.45]。非每日吸烟者报告称，对你重要的人不赞成吸烟的可能性比每日吸烟者低 41%（OR：0.59；0.38-0.94）。进一步研究年轻成年烟民的人际/环境因素，可能会支持对戒烟计划进行修改，从而使年轻成年烟民的戒烟尝试更加成功。
