Habe Katarina, Biasutti Michele, Kajtna Tanja
Academy of Music, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Department FISPPA, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 29;10:698. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00698. eCollection 2019.
Although flow has been studied extensively in music and sport, there is a lack of research comparing these two domains. With the aim of filling this gap, elite musicians and top athletes in Slovenia were contrasted in the current study. Differences for flow and satisfaction with life between elite musicians and top athletes were explored. Individual versus group performance setting and gender differences were considered. 452 participants; 114 elite Slovenian musicians (mean age 23.46 years) and 338 top Slovenian athletes (mean age 22.40 years) answered questions about flow and satisfaction with life measures. The results show differences between elite musicians and top athletes in four flow dimensions: transformation of time and autotelic experience were higher in musicians while clear goals and unambiguous feedback were higher in athletes. However, differences in global flow were not confirmed. Elite musicians and top athletes experienced flow more often in group than in individual performance settings and surprisingly it was experienced more in male than in female top performers. Satisfaction with life has a positive correlation with all nine dimensions of flow, but only challenge-skill balance was a significant predictor for satisfaction with life.
尽管心流在音乐和体育领域已得到广泛研究，但缺乏对这两个领域进行比较的研究。为填补这一空白，本研究对比了斯洛文尼亚的精英音乐家和顶级运动员。探讨了精英音乐家和顶级运动员在心流和生活满意度方面的差异。考虑了个人与团体表现环境以及性别差异。452名参与者（114名斯洛文尼亚精英音乐家，平均年龄23.46岁；338名斯洛文尼亚顶级运动员，平均年龄22.40岁）回答了关于心流和生活满意度测量的问题。结果显示，精英音乐家和顶级运动员在心流的四个维度上存在差异：时间转换和自成目标体验在音乐家中更高，而明确目标和清晰反馈在运动员中更高。然而，整体心流的差异未得到证实。精英音乐家和顶级运动员在团体表现环境中比在个人表现环境中更常体验到心流，令人惊讶的是，男性顶级表演者比女性顶级表演者体验到的心流更多。生活满意度与心流的所有九个维度都呈正相关，但只有挑战-技能平衡是生活满意度的显著预测因素。
