Jackson S A
Department of Human Movement Studies and Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1996 Mar;67(1):76-90. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1996.10607928.
An in-depth investigation into flow state was conducted in order to understand how this optimal state is experienced by elite athletes. Twenty-eight elite-level athletes, representing 7 sports, were interviewed on their perceptions of flow state during performance of their sport. Csikszentmihalyi's (1990) model of the flow state was examined for its applicability to elite athletes. Correspondence was found between the dimensions of flow, as described by Csikszentmihalyi (1990), and the athletes' descriptions of their experience of flow; some dimensions received greater support through the qualitative analysis of the athletes' descriptions than did other dimensions. Those dimensions of flow most represented across the group's data were the autotelic experience of flow, total concentration on the task at hand, merging of action and awareness, and the paradox of control. The analyses provided a detailed, sport-specific picture of flow state in elite athletes.
为了了解精英运动员是如何体验这种最佳状态的，我们对心流状态进行了深入调查。我们采访了来自7个运动项目的28名精英运动员，询问他们在从事各自运动项目时对心流状态的感知。我们检验了齐克森米哈里（1990）的心流状态模型对精英运动员的适用性。研究发现，齐克森米哈里（1990）所描述的心流维度与运动员对心流体验的描述之间存在对应关系；通过对运动员描述的定性分析，某些维度比其他维度得到了更多支持。在该组数据中最能体现的心流维度是心流的自足体验、对手头任务的全神贯注、行动与意识的融合以及控制的悖论。这些分析提供了一幅关于精英运动员心流状态的详细的、特定于运动项目的图景。
