学龄前儿童姿势转换相关的能量消耗。
Energy expenditure associated with posture transitions in preschool children.
机构信息
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 15;14(4):e0215169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215169. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Despite growing scientific interest in the benefits of breaking up sedentary time with intermittent standing or walking, few studies have investigated the energy cost of posture transitions. This study aimed to determine whether posture transitions are associated with increased energy expenditure in preschool children.
METHODS
Forty children (mean age 5.3 ± 1.0y) completed a ~150-min room calorimeter protocol involving sedentary, light, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities. This study utilised data from ~65-min of the protocol, during which children were undertaking sedentary behaviours (TV viewing, drawing/colouring in, and playing with toys on the floor). Posture was coded as sit/lie, stand, walk, or other using direct observation; posture transitions were classified as sit/lie to stand/walk, sit/lie to other, stand/walk to other, or vice versa. Energy expenditure was calculated using the Weir equation and used to calculate individualised MET and activity energy expenditure (AEE) values. Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare the number of posture transitions, in the individual activities separately and combined, with corresponding MET and AEE values. Participants were divided into tertiles based on the number of posture transitions; MET and AEE values of children in the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions were compared using unpaired t-tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated.
RESULTS
There was a positive correlation between the total number of posture transitions and average METs (rs = 0.42, p = 0.02) and AEE (rs = 0.43, p = 0.02). MET differences between the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions resulted in a small effect size for playing with toys (d = 0.27), and moderate effect sizes for TV viewing, drawing and all three activities combined (d = 0.61, 0.50 and 0.64 respectively). Similar results were found for AEE.
CONCLUSIONS
Results from this study showed that variation in posture transitions may be associated with variation in energy expenditure in preschool children. The findings suggest that the concept that variation in posture transitions may have meaningful biological or health effects in early childhood is worth investigating further.
背景
尽管越来越多的科学研究关注打破久坐时间并进行间歇性站立或行走对健康的益处，但很少有研究调查姿势转换对能量消耗的影响。本研究旨在确定姿势转换是否与学龄前儿童的能量消耗增加有关。
方法
40 名儿童（平均年龄 5.3±1.0 岁）完成了约 150 分钟的房间热量计测试，包括静坐、轻度和中高强度活动。本研究利用了方案中约 65 分钟的数据，在此期间，儿童进行了静坐行为（看电视、绘画/涂色和在地板上玩玩具）。使用直接观察对姿势进行编码，分为坐/躺、站立、行走或其他姿势；将姿势转换分类为坐/躺转换为站/走、坐/躺转换为其他、站/走转换为其他或反之。使用 Weir 方程计算能量消耗，并用于计算个体的代谢当量（MET）和活动能量消耗（AEE）值。使用 Spearman 秩相关比较个体活动中以及合并后的姿势转换次数与相应的 MET 和 AEE 值。根据姿势转换次数将参与者分为三分位数；使用配对 t 检验比较处于最低和最高三分位数的儿童的 MET 和 AEE 值。计算效应量（Cohen's d）。
结果
总姿势转换次数与平均 MET（rs=0.42，p=0.02）和 AEE（rs=0.43，p=0.02）呈正相关。最低和最高三分位数的姿势转换次数之间的 MET 差异导致玩具玩耍的效应量较小（d=0.27），而电视观看、绘画和所有三项活动的效应量较大（d=0.61、0.50 和 0.64）。AEE 也得到了类似的结果。
结论
本研究结果表明，学龄前儿童的姿势转换变化可能与能量消耗的变化有关。研究结果表明，姿势转换变化可能对幼儿的生物学或健康有意义的影响这一观点值得进一步研究。
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