Braakman F R, Poggio M
University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Nanotechnology. 2019 Aug 16;30(33):332001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab19cf. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Nanometer-scale structures with high aspect ratios such as nanowires and nanotubes combine low mechanical dissipation with high resonance frequencies, making them ideal force transducers and scanning probes in applications requiring the highest sensitivity. Such structures promise record force sensitivities combined with ease of use in scanning probe microscopes. A wide variety of possible material compositions and functionalizations is available, allowing for the sensing of various kinds of forces. In addition, nanowires possess quasi-degenerate mechanical mode doublets, which allow for sensitive vectorial force and mass detection. These developments have driven researchers to use nanowire cantilevers in various force sensing applications, which include imaging of sample surface topography, detection of optomechanical, electrical, and magnetic forces, and magnetic resonance force microscopy. In this review, we discuss the motivation behind using nanowires as force transducers, explain the methods of force sensing with nanowire cantilevers, and give an overview of the experimental progress so far and future prospects of the field.
具有高纵横比的纳米级结构，如纳米线和纳米管，将低机械耗散与高共振频率结合在一起，使其成为需要最高灵敏度的应用中的理想力传感器和扫描探针。此类结构有望实现创纪录的力灵敏度，并便于在扫描探针显微镜中使用。有多种可能的材料成分和功能化方式可供选择，从而能够检测各种力。此外，纳米线具有准简并机械模式双峰，可实现灵敏的矢量力和质量检测。这些进展促使研究人员在各种力传感应用中使用纳米线悬臂，包括样品表面形貌成像、光机械力、电力和磁力检测以及磁共振力显微镜。在本综述中，我们讨论了使用纳米线作为力传感器的动机，解释了使用纳米线悬臂进行力传感的方法，并概述了该领域到目前为止的实验进展和未来前景。
