School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 046, Ethiopia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 15;16(8):1345. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081345.
Lifestyle behaviours have an important role in preventing cancer, reducing treatment side effects, and improving survival and quality of life for cancer survivors. This study investigated adherence to multiple lifestyle behaviours among women with and without a cancer history. From the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) surveys, 2407 cancer survivors and 3896 controls (cancer free population) were identified. Based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations, adherence to six health behaviours (smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sugary drink intake, and Body Mass Index [BMI]) were assessed. Overall adherence was low, and there were no differences between survivors and controls on adherence to any of the six individual health behaviours. However, both recent and long-term cancer survivors were more likely than controls to adhere to multiple health behaviours ( < 0.05). When participants with melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer were excluded, adherence was less likely (but not significant) in the cancer group than controls. Higher education ( < 0.01), being married ( < 0.01), and lower comorbidity of chronic illnesses ( < 0.01) were significantly associated with adherence to multiple lifestyle behaviours. Overall, the findings suggest that a cancer diagnosis may result in increased compliance with multiple health behaviour guidelines.
生活方式行为在预防癌症、减少治疗副作用以及提高癌症幸存者的生存和生活质量方面发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了有癌症史和无癌症史女性对多种生活方式行为的依从性。从澳大利亚女性健康纵向研究（ALSWH）调查中，确定了 2407 名癌症幸存者和 3896 名对照者（无癌症人群）。根据世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）的建议，评估了 6 种健康行为（吸烟、身体活动、水果和蔬菜摄入、饮酒、含糖饮料摄入和体重指数 [BMI]）的依从性。总体依从性较低，幸存者和对照组在任何 6 种单独健康行为的依从性方面均无差异。然而，近期和长期癌症幸存者比对照组更有可能遵守多种健康行为（<0.05）。当排除黑素瘤或非黑素瘤皮肤癌患者后，癌症组的依从性比对照组更差（但无统计学意义）。更高的教育程度（<0.01）、已婚（<0.01）和较少的慢性疾病合并症（<0.01）与多种生活方式行为的依从性显著相关。总体而言，这些发现表明癌症诊断可能会导致对多项健康行为指南的依从性增加。
