Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XaRTA ⁻ INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba, 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain.
Blanquerna Faculty of Health Science, University Ramon Llull Carrer Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Apr 15;11(4):854. doi: 10.3390/nu11040854.
Despite its benefits, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is being abandoned or not adopted by young generations in most Mediterranean countries. In Spain, up to 69% of the child and adolescent population has been found to have suboptimal adherence to the MD. The aim of this study was to analyze which factors are associated with an optimal adherence to the MD in school-age children and adolescents from Mataró, Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1177 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years from Mataró. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED index) was used to evaluate adherence to a MD. We found that over 59% of subjects showed suboptimal adherence to a MD, with this prevalence being higher for secondary school than for primary school children. The factors positively associated with following an optimal MD were the mother's education level, children at the primary school level, the absence of distractions at breakfast, and regular physical activity. The availability of spending money was negatively associated with the likelihood of optimal adherence to a MD. Future research should study more in-depth the possible causality between the factors studied and adherence to a MD.
尽管地中海饮食（MD）有诸多益处，但在大多数地中海国家，年轻一代正在放弃或不采用这种饮食方式。在西班牙，高达 69%的儿童和青少年被发现对 MD 的依从性不理想。本研究旨在分析哪些因素与西班牙马塔罗地区学龄儿童和青少年对 MD 的最佳依从性有关。对来自马塔罗的 1177 名 6 至 18 岁的儿童和青少年进行了横断面研究。使用儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED 指数）来评估对 MD 的依从性。我们发现，超过 59%的受试者对 MD 的依从性不理想，这种情况在中学生中比小学生更为普遍。与遵循最佳 MD 相关的积极因素包括母亲的教育水平、处于小学阶段的儿童、早餐时没有干扰因素以及定期进行体育锻炼。可支配金钱的可用性与对 MD 的最佳依从性呈负相关。未来的研究应该更深入地研究所研究的因素与 MD 依从性之间的可能因果关系。
