Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville (Research Lab HUM 962: Sports and Society), 41013 Seville, Spain.
Human Motricity and Sports Performance Area, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 26;11(9):2009. doi: 10.3390/nu11092009.
Childhood and adolescent obesity has become one of the most vital challenges to overcome in the present age. Physical fitness, physical activity and the Mediterranean diet (MD) are valuable tools for its prevention and treatment. The main objective of this study is to analyze the associations between health-related physical fitness components, body composition and adherence to the MD in 917 adolescents aged from 13- to 16-years-old. The ALPHA-Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition, and the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED) questionnaire was employed to assess the adherence to the MD. The associations between variables were tested according to gender and age a generalized linear model (GLM) univariate analysis (two factors) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, with Bonferroni posthoc). As to the body composition and physical fitness variables, significant differences were obtained in both genders but not in relation to the adherence to the MD. The boys performed better in the physical fitness tests. Age was a determinant factor in adherence to the MD in the total sample, lowering as the age of the sample increases. Both the boys and girls who had a significantly higher performance in the endurance test were those who showed high/medium adherence to the MD. It is concluded that higher levels of cardiovascular endurance in boys and girls are associated with a medium and high adherence to the MD.
儿童和青少年肥胖已成为当今时代最需要克服的挑战之一。身体健康、身体活动和地中海饮食（Mediterranean Diet，MD）是预防和治疗肥胖的有效工具。本研究的主要目的是分析与健康相关的身体素质成分、身体成分和对 MD 的依从性在 917 名 13 至 16 岁青少年中的关联。使用 ALPHA-Fitness 测试来衡量身体素质和身体成分，采用地中海饮食依从性（KIDMED）问卷来评估 MD 的依从性。根据性别和年龄，采用广义线性模型（Generalized Linear Model，GLM）单因素分析（两个因素）和单向方差分析（One-way ANOVA，Bonferroni 事后检验）来检验变量之间的关联。对于身体成分和身体素质变量，在两性中都有显著差异，但与 MD 的依从性无关。男孩在身体素质测试中表现更好。年龄是总样本中 MD 依从性的决定因素，随着样本年龄的增加而降低。在耐力测试中表现较好的男孩和女孩，MD 的依从性较高/中。结论是，男孩和女孩的心血管耐力水平越高，与 MD 的中高度依从性相关。
