尼古丁和调味剂对电子烟气溶胶感官感知的影响。
Impacts of Nicotine and Flavoring on the Sensory Perception of E-Cigarette Aerosol.
机构信息
Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
Battelle Public Health Center for Tobacco Research, Battelle Memorial Institute, Seattle, WA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Apr 21;22(5):806-813. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz058.
INTRODUCTION
To examine the interaction between an added flavoring (cherry) and nicotine on the perception of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol and how this impacts the appeal of flavored liquids for e-cigarette (e-liquids).
METHODS
A total of 19 subjects (13 male, 6 female) vaped six commercially available e-liquids with varying contents of nicotine (0, 6, 12 mg/mL) and cherry flavor (4.7% or 9.3% vol/vol). For each e-liquid, subjects first rated overall liking/disliking of the aerosol using the Labeled Hedonic Scale, followed by perceived intensities of sweetness, bitterness, harshness (irritation), and cherry flavor of the aerosol using the general version of Labeled Magnitude Scale.
RESULTS
The main findings were that (1) added nicotine increased perceived irritation and bitterness, and decreased the perceived sweetness of the e-cigarette aerosol; (2) cherry flavoring added a characteristic "cherry flavor" and an increase in the flavoring concentration from 4.7% to 9.3% tended to increase perceived intensities of sweetness, harshness, and bitterness; and (3) hedonic ratings of the e-cigarette aerosol decreased as nicotine level increased, but were not affected by flavor level.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that the appeal of the e-cigarette aerosol decreases as nicotine concentration increases. Conversely, perceived sweetness improved liking. An increase in the concentration of cherry flavoring did not appear to impact any of the measured attributes to a significant degree.
IMPLICATIONS
This work demonstrates that the perception of specific sensory attributes of e-cigarettes and their overall appeal are affected by the e-liquid constituents. Most significantly, the results suggest that nicotine decreases the sensory appeal of e-cigarettes by contributing to the perceived irritation and bitterness of the aerosol. These data have implications for the role that nicotine plays in the sensory perception and appeal of e-cigarettes aerosol and further how these sensory factors can be modulated by sweet flavoring.
简介
本研究旨在探讨调味剂（樱桃味）与尼古丁共同作用对电子烟气溶胶感知的影响，以及这种影响如何影响电子烟液（e-liquid）的吸引力。
方法
共 19 名受试者（13 名男性，6 名女性）使用六种市售电子烟液进行了六次电子烟吸食实验，电子烟液尼古丁含量（0、6、12mg/mL）和樱桃味浓度（4.7%或 9.3%vol/vol）各不相同。对于每种电子烟液，受试者首先使用标记愉悦量表（Labeled Hedonic Scale）对气溶胶的整体喜好/不喜好进行评分，然后使用标记量值量表（Labeled Magnitude Scale）的一般版本对气溶胶的甜度、苦味、刺激性（刺激性）和樱桃味的感知强度进行评分。
结果
主要发现包括：（1）添加尼古丁会增加感知到的刺激性和苦味，并降低电子烟气溶胶的感知甜度；（2）樱桃调味剂增加了一种“樱桃味”，并且调味剂浓度从 4.7%增加到 9.3%，会增加感知到的甜度、刺激性和苦味的强度；（3）随着尼古丁水平的升高，电子烟气溶胶的愉悦度评分降低，但不受风味水平的影响。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，随着尼古丁浓度的增加，电子烟气溶胶的吸引力降低。相反，感知到的甜度会提高喜好度。樱桃味调味剂浓度的增加似乎并没有对任何测量到的属性产生显著影响。
意义
这项工作表明，电子烟的特定感官属性的感知及其整体吸引力受到电子烟液成分的影响。最重要的是，结果表明，尼古丁通过增加气溶胶的刺激性和苦味来降低电子烟的感官吸引力。这些数据对于尼古丁在电子烟气溶胶的感官感知和吸引力中所起的作用以及这些感官因素如何通过甜味调味剂进行调节具有重要意义。
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