Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
GreenViet Biodiversity Conservation Center, Danang, Vietnam.
Am J Primatol. 2019 Oct;81(10-11):e22977. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22977. Epub 2019 Apr 18.
The mammalian order primates contains wide species diversity. Members of the subfamily Colobinae are unique amongst extant primates in that their gastrointestinal systems more closely resemble those of ruminants than other members of the primate order. In the growing literature surrounding nonhuman primate microbiomes, analysis of microbial communities has been limited to the hindgut, since few studies have captured data on other gut sites, including the foregut of colobine primates. In this study, we used the red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) as a model for colobine primates to study the relationship between gastrointestinal bacterial community structure and gut site within and between subjects. We analyzed fecal and pregastric stomach content samples, representative of the hindgut and foregut respectively, using 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) sequencing and identified microbiota using closed-reference operational taxonomic unit (OTU) picking against the GreenGenes database. Our results show divergent bacterial communities clearly distinguish the foregut and hindgut microbiomes. We found higher bacterial biodiversity and a higher Firmicutes:Bacteroides ratio in the hindgut as opposed to the foregut. These gut sites showed strong associations with bacterial function. Specifically, energy metabolism was upregulated in the hindgut, whereas detoxification was increased in the foregut. Our results suggest a red-shanked douc's foregut microbiome is no more concordant with its own hindgut than it is with any other red-shanked douc's hindgut microbiome, thus reinforcing the notion that the bacterial communities of the foregut and hindgut are distinctly unique. OPEN PRACTICES: This article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york:934328. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
哺乳动物灵长目包含广泛的物种多样性。科鼻猴亚科的成员在现存灵长类动物中是独一无二的，因为它们的胃肠道系统与反刍动物更为相似，而与其他灵长目动物不同。在围绕非人类灵长类动物微生物组的不断增长的文献中，微生物群落的分析仅限于后肠，因为很少有研究捕获了包括科鼻猴前肠在内的其他肠道部位的数据。在这项研究中，我们使用红腿白臀叶猴（Pygathrix nemaeus）作为科鼻猴的模型，研究胃肠道细菌群落结构与个体内部和个体之间肠道部位的关系。我们分别使用 16S 重组 DNA（rDNA）测序分析粪便和前胃胃内容物样本，这些样本分别代表后肠和前肠，并使用闭参考操作分类单元（OTU）在 GreenGenes 数据库中对微生物进行鉴定。我们的结果表明，不同的细菌群落清楚地区分了前肠和后肠微生物组。我们发现后肠的细菌多样性更高，厚壁菌门：拟杆菌门的比例也更高。这些肠道部位与细菌功能密切相关。具体来说，在后肠中能量代谢上调，而在前肠中解毒作用增强。我们的结果表明，红腿白臀叶猴的前肠微生物组与其自身的后肠微生物组的一致性不如与其他红腿白臀叶猴的后肠微生物组的一致性高，这进一步证实了前肠和后肠的细菌群落是明显独特的。开放实践：本文已被授予开放材料和开放数据徽章。所有材料和数据均可通过 https://www.iris-database.org/iris/app/home/detail?id=york:934328 在 IRIS 存储库中公开访问。了解有关开放实践徽章的更多信息，请访问开放科学中心：https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki。
