Hastings Cent Rep. 2019 Mar;49(2):40-46. doi: 10.1002/hast.992.
According to the mainstream conception of research involving human participants, researchers have been trained scientists acting within institutions and have been the individuals doing the studying, while participants, who are nonscientist members of the public, have been the individuals being studied. The relationship between the public and scientists is evolving, however, giving rise to several new concepts, including crowdsourcing and citizen science. In addition, the practice of gamification has been applied to research protocols. The role of gamified, crowdsourced citizen scientist is new in the domain of scientific research and does not fit into the existing taxonomy of researchers and participants. We delineate and explicate this role and show that, while traditional roles are governed by well-established norms and regulations, individuals engaged in gamified, crowdsourced citizen science-gamers-fall through the cracks of research protections and regulations. We consider the issues this raises, including exploitation and the absence of responsibility and accountability. Finally, we offer suggestions for how the current lack of appropriate norms may be rectified.
根据涉及人类参与者的研究的主流概念，研究人员是在机构内从事研究的专业科学家，而参与者则是非科学家的公众，是被研究的对象。然而，公众与科学家之间的关系正在不断发展，从而产生了一些新概念，包括众包和公民科学。此外，游戏化实践已应用于研究方案。在科学研究领域，游戏化、众包的公民科学家的角色是新的，不符合现有研究人员和参与者的分类法。我们描述并阐明了这一角色，并表明，虽然传统角色受到成熟规范和法规的约束，但参与游戏化、众包的公民科学的个人——游戏玩家——却游离于研究保护和法规之外。我们考虑了这带来的问题，包括剥削以及缺乏责任和问责制。最后，我们就如何纠正目前缺乏适当规范的问题提出了建议。
