Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Nutrients. 2019 Apr 18;11(4):875. doi: 10.3390/nu11040875.
Exposure to the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a widely acknowledged risk factor for the development of childhood obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Food marketing involves the use of numerous persuasive techniques to influence children's food attitudes, preferences and consumption. This systematic review provides a comprehensive contemporary account of the impact of these marketing techniques on children aged 0-18 years and critically evaluates the methodologies used. Five electronic academic databases were searched using key terms for primary studies (both quantitative and qualitative) published up to September 2018; 71 eligible articles were identified. Significant detrimental effects of food marketing, including enhanced attitudes, preferences and increased consumption of marketed foods were documented for a wide range of marketing techniques, particularly those used in television/movies and product packaging. Together, these studies contribute strong evidence to support the restriction of food marketing to children. However, the review also signposted distinct gaps: Firstly, there is a lack of use of qualitative and physiological methodologies. Secondly, contemporary and sophisticated marketing techniques used in new media warrant increased research attention. Finally, more research is needed to evaluate the longer-term effects of food marketing on children's weight.
暴露于不健康食品和饮料的营销是儿童肥胖和非传染性疾病发展的一个公认的风险因素。食品营销涉及使用多种有说服力的技巧来影响儿童的食物态度、偏好和消费。本系统评价全面描述了这些营销技巧对 0-18 岁儿童的影响，并批判性地评估了所使用的方法。使用主要研究（包括定量和定性研究）的关键词搜索了五个电子学术数据库，截至 2018 年 9 月，共确定了 71 篇合格文章。研究记录了食品营销的各种营销技巧对儿童的显著不利影响，包括增强的态度、偏好和对营销食品的消费增加，这些技巧包括电视/电影和产品包装中使用的技巧。总的来说，这些研究提供了强有力的证据支持限制食品营销针对儿童。然而，该综述还指出了明显的差距：首先，缺乏定性和生理方法的使用。其次，新媒介中使用的现代和复杂的营销技巧需要更多的研究关注。最后，需要更多的研究来评估食品营销对儿童体重的长期影响。
