Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Neural Plast. 2019 Mar 14;2019:5271573. doi: 10.1155/2019/5271573. eCollection 2019.
Motor capability recovery after ischemic stroke involves dynamic remodeling processes of neural connectomes in the nervous system. Various neuromodulatory strategies combining direct stimulating interventions with behavioral trainings for motor recovery after ischemic stroke have been developed. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies widely due to unspecific activation or inhibition of undefined neuronal subtypes. Optogenetics is a functional and structural connection-based approach that can selectively activate or inhibit specific subtype neurons with a higher precision, and it has been widely applied to build up neuronal plasticities of the nervous system, which shows a great potential in restoring motor functions in stroke animal models. Here, we reviewed neurobiological mechanisms of enhanced brain plasticities underlying motor recovery through the optogenetic stimulation after ischemic stroke. Several brain sites and neural circuits that have been previously proven effective for motor function rehabilitation were identified, which would be helpful for a more schematic understanding of effective neuronal connectomes in the motor function recovery after ischemic stroke.
缺血性脑卒中后运动能力的恢复涉及神经系统中神经连接组的动态重塑过程。已经开发了各种神经调节策略，将直接刺激干预与缺血性脑卒中后运动恢复的行为训练相结合。然而，由于对未定义的神经元亚型的非特异性激活或抑制，这些干预措施的效果差异很大。光遗传学是一种基于功能和结构连接的方法，可以更精确地选择性激活或抑制特定的亚型神经元，它已被广泛应用于构建神经系统的神经元可塑性，这在恢复中风动物模型的运动功能方面显示出巨大的潜力。在这里，我们回顾了通过缺血性卒中后光遗传刺激增强大脑可塑性的神经生物学机制，这些机制与运动恢复有关。已经确定了几个先前被证明对运动功能康复有效的大脑部位和神经回路，这有助于更直观地理解缺血性脑卒中后运动功能恢复中有效的神经元连接组。
