Remodelative Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires (HIBA), C1199ACL Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto Carlos Chagas Fiocruz/PR, 81350-010 Curitiba, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 20;20(8):1946. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081946.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an interesting population due to their capacity to release a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, and due to their motile nature and homing ability. MSCs can be isolated from different sources, like adipose tissue or bone marrow, and have the capacity to differentiate, both in vivo and in vitro, into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, making them even more interesting in the regenerative medicine field. Tumor associated stroma has been recognized as a key element in tumor progression, necessary for the biological success of the tumor, and MSCs represent a functionally fundamental part of this associated stroma. Exosomes represent one of the dominant signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Their biology raises high interest, with implications in different biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This is critical during the metastatic cascade, given that it is the formation of a permissive context that would allow metastatic tumor cells survival within the new environment. In this context, we explored the role of exosomes, particularly MSCs-derived exosomes as direct or indirect modulators. All this points out a possible new tool useful for designing better treatment and detection strategies for metastatic progression, including the management of chemoresistance.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）因其能够释放多种细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子，以及因其迁移特性和归巢能力而成为一个有趣的群体。MSCs 可以从不同的来源分离出来，如脂肪组织或骨髓，并且具有在体内和体外分化为脂肪细胞、软骨细胞和成骨细胞的能力，这使得它们在再生医学领域更具吸引力。肿瘤相关基质已被认为是肿瘤进展的关键因素，是肿瘤生物学成功所必需的，而 MSCs 代表了这种相关基质的功能基础部分。外泌体是肿瘤微环境中占主导地位的信号通路之一。它们的生物学引起了高度的兴趣，涉及到癌症进展中涉及的不同生物学过程，如前转移龛的形成。这在转移级联过程中至关重要，因为形成允许转移肿瘤细胞在新环境中存活的许可环境。在这种情况下，我们探讨了外泌体的作用，特别是 MSC 衍生的外泌体作为直接或间接调节剂的作用。所有这些都指出了一种可能的新工具，可用于设计更好的转移性进展治疗和检测策略，包括化疗耐药性的管理。
