Problems to anticipate in treating difficult patients in a long-term psychiatric hospital.

In a previous report, the authors identified four dimensions of patient pathology associated with treatment difficulty: withdrawn psychoticism, character pathology, violence-agitation and suicidal-depressed behavior. In a subsequent study, they linked these dimensions to patterns of countertransference. The present research extends the two prior reports by examining the relations of the patient pathology dimensions to staff members' dissatisfaction with four areas of treatment: interpersonal approaches, structure and control, quality of teamwork, and medication. The major findings are: withdrawn psychoticism primarily relates to dissatisfaction with interpersonal treatment approaches; character pathology entails dissatisfaction with the level of structure and control; violence-agitation poses particular problems for teamwork; and suicidal-depressed behavior is unrelated to dissatisfaction with any dimension of treatment. The authors propose that these various problems in treatment are, in part, mediated by patterns of countertransference which they described in the prior paper. These findings should help staff members to focus their attention on areas of treatment in which problems are bound to arise in work with different types of difficult patients.