Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen , Germany.
Biol Lett. 2019 Apr 26;15(4):20190143. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0143.
It is hard to isolate human cooperation features outside the prevalent experimental laboratory context in a controlled setting. Since cooperation rates are very context-sensitive, a new setting-a public goods game in an online game-is analysed. This unique dataset addresses multiple critical issues: it is more realistic, individuals have an intrinsic motivation to play, there are no observer effects, and data are available for more than 18 000 individuals playing over 10 months. Participants come from 10 countries, which allows us to test for cultural influences on cooperation. We find small differences in cooperation rates between countries, ranging from 8.5% (Argentina) to 14.1% (Greece). Moreover, cooperation remains stable over long periods of time. Different cultural, economic and religious backgrounds do not seem to have a discernible influence on cooperation rates. Instead, individual differences seem to play a larger role. Finally, cooperation levels may be lower than suggested by experiments from the classical laboratory context.
在受控环境下，很难在流行的实验实验室背景之外孤立出人类合作的特征。由于合作率非常依赖于环境，因此我们分析了一种新的环境——在线游戏中的公共物品博弈。这个独特的数据集解决了多个关键问题：它更现实，参与者有内在的游戏动机，没有观察者效应，并且有超过 18000 名参与者在 10 个月的时间内进行了数据采集。参与者来自 10 个国家，这使我们能够检验合作对文化的影响。我们发现各国之间的合作率存在很小的差异，从 8.5%（阿根廷）到 14.1%（希腊）不等。此外，合作在长时间内保持稳定。不同的文化、经济和宗教背景似乎并没有对合作率产生明显的影响。相反，个体差异似乎起着更大的作用。最后，合作水平可能低于经典实验室环境实验所建议的水平。
