Schürmann Tim, Mohler Betty Jo, Peters Jan, Beckerle Philipp
Work and Engineering Psychology Research Group, Human Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Amazon, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Neurorobot. 2019 Apr 11;13:14. doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2019.00014. eCollection 2019.
In the last decades, cognitive models of multisensory integration in human beings have been developed and applied to model human body experience. Recent research indicates that Bayesian and connectionist models might push developments in various branches of robotics: assistive robotic devices might adapt to their human users aiming at increased device embodiment, e.g., in prosthetics, and humanoid robots could be endowed with human-like capabilities regarding their surrounding space, e.g., by keeping safe or socially appropriate distances to other agents. In this perspective paper, we review cognitive models that aim to approximate the process of human sensorimotor behavior generation, discuss their challenges and potentials in robotics, and give an overview of existing approaches. While model accuracy is still subject to improvement, human-inspired cognitive models support the understanding of how the modulating factors of human body experience are blended. Implementing the resulting insights in adaptive and learning control algorithms could help to taylor assistive devices to their user's individual body experience. Humanoid robots who develop their own body schema could consider this body knowledge in control and learn to optimize their physical interaction with humans and their environment. Cognitive body experience models should be improved in accuracy and online capabilities to achieve these ambitious goals, which would foster human-centered directions in various fields of robotics.
在过去几十年里,人类多感官整合的认知模型已得到发展,并应用于模拟人体体验。最近的研究表明,贝叶斯模型和联结主义模型可能推动机器人技术各分支的发展:辅助机器人设备可能会适应人类用户,以增强设备的具身性,例如在假肢方面;人形机器人在其周围空间方面可能具备类似人类的能力,例如与其他物体保持安全或社交上合适的距离。在这篇观点论文中,我们回顾了旨在近似人类感觉运动行为生成过程的认知模型,讨论它们在机器人技术中的挑战和潜力,并概述现有方法。虽然模型准确性仍有待提高,但受人类启发的认知模型有助于理解人体体验的调节因素是如何融合的。将由此产生的见解应用于自适应和学习控制算法,可能有助于使辅助设备适应用户的个体身体体验。能够发展自身身体图式的人形机器人可以在控制中考虑这种身体知识,并学会优化它们与人类及其环境的物理交互。认知身体体验模型应在准确性和在线能力方面加以改进,以实现这些宏伟目标,这将推动机器人技术各领域以人类为中心的发展方向。