Ashman Chris, Awty-Carroll Danny, Mos Michal, Robson Paul, Clifton-Brown John
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK.
Terravesta Lincoln UK.
Glob Change Biol Bioenergy. 2018 Sep;10(9):612-627. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12518. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
Direct sowing of seed could lower crop establishment costs, and increase the rate of grower uptake and biomass supply for the emerging bio-economy. A replicated field trial was conducted at two contrasting UK sites: Aberystwyth (ABR) in mid-Wales and Blankney (BLK) in Lincolnshire. These sites encompass the west-east meteorological gradient in the United Kingdom where the growing season at ABR is cooler and wetter while BLK is warmer and drier. Primed and unprimed seeds were sown directly onto the soil surface with and without a clear biodegradable mulch film, at nine dates interspersed from May to October. Average daily mean soil surface temperatures measured over the first 2 months after sowing under the mulch film were higher than control plots (2.7°C ABR and 4.2°C BLK). At both sites, the film covering also affected soil volumetric moisture relative to uncovered control plots (-3% ABR and 8% BLK), demonstrating the negative impact of mulch film when sowing on dry soil. Over nine sowings, seed germination at ABR under film varied between -28% and +18% of germination under control conditions. Seedlings from the first three sowings at both sites under film had sufficient physiological maturity to survive the first winter period. At BLK, mulch film significantly increased tiller count and height in both the first and second years after sowing. At ABR, where temperatures were lower, film covering significantly increased tiller height but not count. Water priming had no significant effect on seed viability or germination in the field tests. Base temperatures for germination of primed and unprimed seeds on a thermal gradient plate were 7.0°C and 5.7°C, respectively, with a ± 1.7°C confidence interval. Based on our results for in the United Kingdom, we recommend the sowing of unprimed seed in May under film and only when the soil is moist.
直接播种可以降低作物种植成本，并提高种植者对新兴生物经济的采用率和生物量供应。在英国两个形成对比的地点进行了一项重复田间试验：威尔士中部的阿伯里斯特威斯（ABR）和林肯郡的布兰克尼（BLK）。这些地点涵盖了英国从西到东的气象梯度，ABR的生长季节更凉爽湿润，而BLK则更温暖干燥。经过引发处理和未经引发处理的种子，在有和没有可生物降解透明地膜覆盖的情况下，于5月至10月间的9个日期直接播种到土壤表面。播种后前两个月在地膜覆盖下测得的平均每日土壤表面温度高于对照地块（ABR为2.7°C，BLK为4.2°C）。在两个地点，与未覆盖的对照地块相比，地膜覆盖也影响了土壤体积含水量（ABR为-3%，BLK为8%），这表明在干燥土壤上播种时地膜覆盖有负面影响。在9次播种中，ABR地区在地膜覆盖下的种子发芽率在对照条件下发芽率的-28%至+18%之间变化。两个地点前三次播种在地膜覆盖下的幼苗具有足够的生理成熟度以度过第一个冬季。在BLK，地膜覆盖在播种后的第一年和第二年显著增加了分蘖数和株高。在温度较低的ABR地区，地膜覆盖显著增加了分蘖高度，但没有增加分蘖数。在田间试验中，水引发对种子活力或发芽没有显著影响。在热梯度板上，经过引发处理和未经引发处理的种子发芽的基础温度分别为7.0°C和5.7°C，置信区间为±1.7°C。根据我们在英国的研究结果，我们建议在5月土壤湿润时，在有地膜覆盖的情况下播种未经引发处理的种子。
