Reinoso Miguel Á, Otálora Camilo A, Gordillo Gerardo
Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, 091706 Milagro, Ecuador.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Apr 29;12(9):1394. doi: 10.3390/ma12091394.
Thin films of CHNHPbI and (NH)CHPbI (from now on abbreviated as MAPI and FAPI respectively), with perovskite structure were prepared by sequential evaporation of lead iodide (PbI) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) or formamidinium iodide (FAI), with special emphasis on the optimization of its optical, morphologic, and structural properties. For this, the evaporation process was automatically controlled with a system developed using virtual instrumentation (VI) that allows electronic control of both evaporation sources temperature and precursors deposition rates, using proportional integral derivative (PID) and pulse width modulation (PWM) control algorithms developed with the LabView software. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), information was obtained regarding the phase and crystalline structure of the studied samples as well as the effect of the main deposition parameters on crystallite size and microstrain. We also studied the influence of the main deposition parameters on the optical and morphological properties through measurements of spectral transmittance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. It was found that the implemented method of sequential evaporation allows preparing, with a high degree of reproducibility, single phase MAPI and FAPI thin films with appropriate properties to be used as active layer in hybrid solar cells. The applicability of MAPI and FAPI thin films as active layer in photovoltaic devices has been demonstrated by using them in solar cells with structure: FTO/ZnO/MAPI(or FAPI)/P3HT/Au.
通过依次蒸发碘化铅（PbI₂）和甲基碘化铵（MAI）或甲脒碘化铵（FAI）制备了具有钙钛矿结构的CH₃NH₃PbI₃和（NH₂CH₃）₂CHNH₃PbI₃薄膜（以下分别简称为MAPI和FAPI），特别强调了对其光学、形态和结构性质的优化。为此，蒸发过程由使用虚拟仪器（VI）开发的系统自动控制，该系统允许使用LabView软件开发的比例积分微分（PID）和脉宽调制（PWM）控制算法对两个蒸发源的温度和前驱体沉积速率进行电子控制。利用X射线衍射（XRD）获得了有关研究样品的相和晶体结构以及主要沉积参数对微晶尺寸和微应变影响的信息。我们还分别通过光谱透射率测量和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了主要沉积参数对光学和形态性质的影响。结果发现，所采用的顺序蒸发方法能够以高度的可重复性制备出具有适当性质的单相MAPI和FAPI薄膜，可作为混合太阳能电池的活性层。通过将MAPI和FAPI薄膜用于结构为FTO/ZnO/MAPI（或FAPI）/P3HT/Au的太阳能电池中，证明了它们作为光伏器件活性层的适用性。
