Petrou Spyros, Mamais Ioannis, Lavranos Giagkos, P Tzanetakou Irene, Chrysostomou Stavri
1 Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia-Cyprus.
2 Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2018 Feb;88(1-2):100-112. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000494. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
Vitamin D is important in many cellular functions including cell cycling and proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Via the induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis, vitamin D inhibits normal prostatic epithelial cells growth. Review the evidence of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on prostate cancer (PC) biomarkers and patient survival and assess optimal dosage, formulation and duration. Pubmed, Medline and Ebsco Host databases were systematically searched for relevant literature. 8 Randomized Controlled Trials were included in this review. All studies, besides one, were of high methodological quality. 4 studies used calcitriol (0,5-45 μg/weekly), 2 studies have used vitamin D3 (150-1000 μg/daily) and 2 other studies have used 1α-hydroxy Vitamin D2 (10 μg/ daily or weekly). Duration of supplementation varied between 28 days up to 18.3 months. Two studies had positive effects on prostate specific antigen (PSA) (p < .05), 1 study had a significant positive effect on median survival (p < .05) and 1 study showed a significant reduction of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression (p < .05). The remaining studies showed negative or no effect on PC characteristics, clinical outcomes and/or survival. Current evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with standard of care (e.g. chemotherapy, radiation therapy) may confer clinical benefits such as a decrease in serum PSA levels and VDR expression but further research is required to ascertain these results. Calcitriol supplementation in doses ranging from 250-1000 mg for 3-8 weeks or a lower dose of 45 mg for 18.3 months, appear most beneficial regarding outcomes of PC progression and survival.
维生素D在许多细胞功能中都很重要，包括细胞周期和增殖、分化以及凋亡。通过诱导细胞周期停滞和/或凋亡，维生素D抑制正常前列腺上皮细胞的生长。回顾补充维生素D对前列腺癌（PC）生物标志物和患者生存率影响的证据，并评估最佳剂量、制剂和持续时间。系统检索了PubMed、Medline和Ebsco Host数据库中的相关文献。本综述纳入了8项随机对照试验。除一项研究外，所有研究的方法学质量都很高。4项研究使用了骨化三醇（0.5 - 45μg/周），2项研究使用了维生素D3（150 - 1000μg/天），另外2项研究使用了1α-羟基维生素D2（10μg/天或周）。补充的持续时间在28天至18.3个月之间。两项研究对前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）有积极影响（p < 0.05），一项研究对中位生存期有显著积极影响（p < 0.05），一项研究显示维生素D受体（VDR）表达显著降低（p < 0.05）。其余研究对PC特征、临床结局和/或生存率显示出负面或无影响。目前的证据表明，补充维生素D结合标准治疗（如化疗、放疗）可能带来临床益处，如血清PSA水平和VDR表达降低，但需要进一步研究来确定这些结果。补充骨化三醇，剂量为250 - 1000mg，持续3 - 8周，或较低剂量45mg，持续18.3个月，似乎对PC进展和生存结局最有益。
