Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 30;9(1):6678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43229-z.
The spatial relationships of ecosystem services are complex and poorly understood due to spatial mismatches between areas of provision and the areas that benefit. In this study, we assess the spatial flows of six key ecosystem services from and to mountain regions at the regional and global level. We identify major directions of spatial flow and illustrate different types and transfer mechanisms with detailed examples focusing on the European Alps and surrounding lowlands. Our results demonstrate that the spatial flows of ecosystem services range from local to global interactions and extend far beyond the regional level for most of the ecosystem services assessed. Transportation processes encompass passive biophysical processes and the active transportation of goods, distribution of information and traveling of people. Decision and policy-making can use this enhanced understanding to influence ecosystem service transfer and consequently manage natural resources in a sustainable way.
由于提供服务的区域与受益区域之间存在空间错位，生态系统服务的空间关系非常复杂，人们对其了解甚少。在本研究中，我们在区域和全球层面上评估了来自山区和流向山区的六种关键生态系统服务的空间流。我们确定了空间流的主要方向，并通过详细的例子说明了不同类型和转移机制，这些例子重点关注阿尔卑斯山地区及其周围低地。研究结果表明，生态系统服务的空间流范围从局部到全球相互作用，并且对于评估的大多数生态系统服务而言，其空间流远远超出了区域水平。交通过程包括被动的生物物理过程和货物的主动运输、信息的分布以及人员的流动。决策和政策制定可以利用这种增强的理解来影响生态系统服务的转移，从而以可持续的方式管理自然资源。
