Sönmez Mehmet Giray, Sönmez Leyla Öztürk
Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Physiology, Selcuklu Medical School, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Urol Ann. 2019 Apr-Jun;11(2):119-125. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_166_17.
The aim of implementing vaccine therapy is to activate immune response against malignant cells by overcoming the tolerance triggered by the tumor. These treatments are effective using the immune response against cancer. Not every type of cancer is suitable for vaccine therapies. For a vaccine therapy to be implemented, cancer should be immunogenic and contain tissue-specific proteins, should have a slow progression, and treatments should be feasible. For that reason, studies regarding urological cancers are mostly focused on the kidneys and the prostate. Vaccine therapies used in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be categorized under the following titles: autologous tumor cells, dendritic cells, genetically modified tumor cells, and protein/peptide. Although there are old studies on the implementation of vaccine therapies in RCC, researches have only been intensified recently. In addition to their effective potential for lengthening general survival, decreasing tumor burden and cancer development in long term, vaccine treatments are especially effective in metastatic RCC patients. We think that vaccine treatments would be applied more in near future since RCC are immunogenic. In this compilation, we will discuss vaccine therapies used in RCC, which urologists are not so familiar with, in the light of the up-to-date literature.
实施疫苗疗法的目的是通过克服肿瘤引发的耐受性来激活针对恶性细胞的免疫反应。这些治疗方法利用针对癌症的免疫反应发挥作用。并非每种癌症都适合疫苗疗法。要实施疫苗疗法，癌症应具有免疫原性且含有组织特异性蛋白质，进展应缓慢，并且治疗应切实可行。因此，关于泌尿系统癌症的研究大多集中在肾脏和前列腺。用于肾细胞癌（RCC）的疫苗疗法可分为以下几类：自体肿瘤细胞、树突状细胞、基因改造肿瘤细胞以及蛋白质/肽。尽管关于在RCC中实施疫苗疗法已有一些早期研究，但相关研究直到最近才得到加强。除了在延长总体生存期、减轻肿瘤负担以及长期抑制癌症发展方面具有潜在疗效外，疫苗治疗对转移性RCC患者尤其有效。鉴于RCC具有免疫原性，我们认为疫苗治疗在不久的将来会得到更广泛的应用。在本综述中，我们将根据最新文献，讨论RCC中使用的、泌尿外科医生不太熟悉的疫苗疗法。
