Stanisławski Krzysztof
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2019 Apr 16;10:694. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694. eCollection 2019.
It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance, and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the set of coping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b) providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c) enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy, exposure therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship between coping and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression).
显而易见，识别应对结构对于理解压力如何影响人类健康和机能是必要的。尽管有众多应对概念化的提议，但对于核心应对类别尚无共识。本文提出了应对环模型（CCM），该模型旨在整合各种应对差异，其灵感来源于心理学中环模型的传统。该模型基于这样一种假设，即处于压力情境中的个体面临两项任务：他们需要解决问题并调节情绪，这在两个相应维度中得到体现，即问题应对维度和情绪应对维度。问题应对和情绪应对被解释为双极维度。重要的是，这些维度为其他应对类别定义了一个空间。该模型总共包含八种形成环的应对方式：积极情绪应对、效率、解决问题、专注于问题、消极情绪应对、无助、问题回避和享乐脱离。本文讨论了应对环模型通过以下方式克服压力心理学一些问题的潜力：（a）用应对模式补充应对类别集（即过程、策略、方式）；（b）为整合众多应对结构提供基础；（c）能够解释通过不同应对措施获得的结果，从而促进知识整合；（d）解释创伤后应对与适应之间的关系，以及解释心理干预（如认知疗法、暴露疗法）的机制；（e）阐明应对策略有效性与情境可控性之间的联系。此外，应对环模型可能会阐明应对与情绪调节（如认知重评和表达抑制）之间的关系。
