Blauwet Cheri A, Borgstrom Haylee E, Tenforde Adam S
Kelley Adaptive Sports Research Institute.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2019 Jun;27(2):60-66. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000235.
Adaptive sports athletes represent a growing population within the athletic community worldwide. Given potential cardiometabolic and psychosocial benefits of adaptive sports participation, the impact on bone health and injury risk in adaptive athletes is of increasing clinical interest. Impaired bone health as a result of low energy availability has been well described in able-bodied athletic women and, more recently, men as part of the female athlete triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). However, the applicability of these models to adaptive athletes remains unclear given altered physiology and biomechanics compared with able-bodied counterparts. Thus, a literature review was completed to characterize the influence of adaptive sports participation and associated risk factors for impaired bone health in this unique population. To date, limited investigations demonstrate a consistent, positive effect of sports participation on bone health. Risk factors for impaired bone health include low energy availability and micronutrient deficiency.
适应性运动运动员在全球体育界中所占的比例日益增加。鉴于参与适应性运动对心脏代谢和心理社会方面可能带来的益处，适应性运动员的骨骼健康状况以及受伤风险对临床的影响越来越受到关注。在体能健全的女性运动员中，因能量供应不足导致骨骼健康受损的情况已有详尽描述，最近在男性运动员中也有相关报道，这是女性运动员三联征和运动相关相对能量缺乏症（RED-S）的一部分。然而，与体能健全的运动员相比，适应性运动员的生理机能和生物力学有所改变，因此这些模型对适应性运动员的适用性仍不明确。因此，我们完成了一项文献综述，以描述适应性运动参与对这一特殊人群骨骼健康的影响以及骨骼健康受损的相关风险因素。迄今为止，有限的研究表明，运动参与对骨骼健康具有持续的积极影响。骨骼健康受损的风险因素包括能量供应不足和微量营养素缺乏。
